Anatomy: Digestive System

Question 1

What is the part of the stomach where the esophagus and stomach meet?

Answer 1

Cardia

Question 2

What is the top portion of the stomach?

Answer 2

Fundus

Question 3

What is the majority of the stomach called?

Answer 3

The Body

Question 4

What is the bottom portion of the stomach and that meets the duodenum?

Answer 4

Pylorus

Question 5

What is the only sphincter in the stomach? (located in the exit of the stomach into duodenum)

Answer 5

The Pyloric Sphincter

Question 6

What is another name for the Large Intestine all together?

Answer 6

Colon

Question 7

What is the order of the Large Intestine?

Answer 7

1. Ascending Colon
2. Transverse Colon
3. Descending Colon
4. Sigmoid Colon

Question 8

What is the pathway, in order of organs, of the entire Digestive Process?

Answer 8

1. mouth
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
   - cardia
   - fundus
   -body
   - pylorus
   -pyloric sphincter
5. duodenum
6. jejunum
7. ileum
8. ascending L.I.
9. transverse L.I.
10. descending L.I.
11. Sigmoid L.I.
12. Rectum
13. Anus

Question 9

What is the order of the small intestines?

Answer 9

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 10

What is the key function of the duodenum?

Answer 10

Chemical Digestion

Question 11

What is the key function of the Jejunum?

Answer 11

Nutrient Absorption

Question 12

What is the key function of the Ileum?

Answer 12

Key Vitamin Absorption

Question 13

What is the main function of the Digestive System?

Answer 13

To convert food into energy to build and fuel the body

Question 14

What is the entire structure of the Digestive System?

Answer 14

The Gastrointestinal Tract (Alimentary Canal)

Question 15

What is the order of the 6 steps in Digestion?

Answer 15

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Breakdown
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

Question 16

Describe the ingestion stage of digestion

Answer 16

• Eating
• only occurs in the mouth
• beginning of chemical and mechanical breakdown with enzymes in saliva and chewing

Question 17

Describe the propulsion stage of digestion

Answer 17

• movement of food through GI tract
• starts with voluntary swallowing of bolus
• continues throughout the organs with involuntary peristalsis

Question 18

Describe the mechanical breakdown stage of digestion

Answer 18

The physical process of breaking down food to increase surface area and then mixing with enzymes

Question 19

Describe the chemical digestion stage of digestion

Answer 19

Secreted enzymes chemically break down food molecules into their simplest form (monomers) to be absorbed into blood and transported to cells

Question 20

Describe the absorption stage of digestion

Answer 20

The transport of the end result of our digested food through the walls of the GI tract and into the blood or lymph to be transported

Question 21

Describe the defecation stage of digestion

Answer 21

elimination of indigestible substances through the anus

Question 22

What is the mass created by chewed up food and substances?

Answer 22

A Bolus

Question 23

What is peristalsis?

Answer 23

The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines to move food through the canal

Question 24

What is histology?

Answer 24

The study of tissues

Question 25

What are the 4 layers of tissues in the GI tract?

Answer 25

Mucosa (innermost layer) Submucosa (middle layer of loose areolar connective tissue) Muscularis Externa (middle layer of smooth muscle) Serosa (outermost layer)

Question 26

What is the function of the mucosa layer of tissue?

Answer 26

- secretes mucus, enzymes and hormones - absorbs nutrients into the blood (w villi) - protects against infectious diseases

Question 27

What is the function of the submucosa layer of tissue?

Answer 27

provides tube with elasticity

Question 28

What is the function of the muscularis externa layer of tissue?

Answer 28

critical for peristalsis

Question 29

What is the function of the serosa layer of tissue?

Answer 29

houses the nerves blood vessels and lymphatic vessels for each structure

Question 30

What are the two types of epithelial cells critical in the Digestive system?

Answer 30

Stratified Squamous & simple Columnar

Question 31

What organs are stratified squamous epithelial cells key in?

Answer 31

mouth, esophagus, and anus

Question 32

What organs are simple columnar epithelial cells key in?

Answer 32

They line the stomach and intestines

Question 33

What is the key function of stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 33

Protect against abrasive foods

Question 34

What is the key function of simple columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 34

Absorption and Secretion

Question 35

Describe the enzyme Amylase's key details

Answer 35

- found in saliva and pancreatic juices - digests starches (complex carbs) - forms maltose

Question 36

Describe the enzymes pepsin and HCL key details

Answer 36

- found in gastric juices - digests proteins - forms partially digested proteins

Question 37

Describe the enzyme protease's key details

Answer 37

- found in the pancreatic juices - digests proteins - forms peptides and amino acids

Question 38

Describe the enzyme lipase's key details

Answer 38

- found in pancreatic juices - digests fats - forms fatty acids and glycerol

Question 39

Describe the enzyme peptidase's key details

Answer 39

- found in intestinal enzymes - digests peptides - forms amino acids

Question 40

Describe the enzyme sucrase's key details

Answer 40

- found in intestinal enzymes - digests sucrose - forms glucose

Question 41

Describe the enzyme lactase's key details

Answer 41

- found in intestinal enzymes - digests lactose - forms fructose

Question 42

Describe the enzyme maltase's key details

Answer 42

- found in intestinal enzymes - digests maltose - forms galactose

Question 43

Describe bile salts' key details

Answer 43

- found in the liver bile - digests fats - forms fat droplets

Question 44

What system regulates the GI tract?

Answer 44

The enteric nervous system

Question 45

What is the phase in the brain that occurs by external stimulation before eating?

Answer 45

Cephalic Phase (this phase preps the stomach for food)

Question 46

what is the phase in the stomach that occurs by mechanical and chemical stimulation to secrete more gastric fluid and HCl?

Answer 46

Gastric Phase

Question 47

what is the phase in the intestines that tells the cells to secrete more gastrin?

Answer 47

Intestinal Phase

Question 48

What are the 3 phases that control gastric fluid secretion?

Answer 48

- Cephalic Phase - Gastric Phase - Intestinal Phase

Question 49

What major nerve and molecules are involved in the communication of the enteric nervous system and the CNS?

Answer 49

Vagus Nerve and hormones