Health Promotion of Adolescents (12-20 years)

Question 1

Physical Development

Answer 1

The final 20-25% of heigh is achieved during puberty.

Acne can appear during adolescents.

Question 2

Physical Development in Girls

Answer 2

First stop growing at about 2-2.5 years after the onset of menarche. They grow 5-20cm and gain 7-25kg

Question 3

Physical Development in Boys

Answer 3

Stop growing at around 18-20 years of age. They grow 10-30cm and gain7-20kg

Question 4

Sexual Maturation in Girls

Answer 4

Occurs in the following order: 
Breast development. 
Pubic hair growth ( some girls experience hair growth before breast development)
Axillary hair growth.
Menstruation.

Question 5

Sexual Maturation in Boys

Answer 5

Occurs in the following order:
testicular enlargement. 
pubic hair growth. 
penile enlargement. 
growth of axillary hair. 
facial hair growth. 
vocal changes.

Question 6

Piaget

Answer 6

Formal Operations.

Question 7

Formal Operations

Answer 7

Able to thin through more than two categories of variable concurrently.
Capable of evaluating the quality of their own thinking . /
Able to maintain attention for longer periods of time.
Highly imaginative and idealistic.
Increasingly capable of using formal logic to make decisions.
Think beyond current circumstances.
Able to understand how the actions of an individual influence others.

Question 8

Identity v Role confusion

Answer 8

Adolescents develop a sense of personal identity, and come to view themselves as unique individuals.
Group Identity: adolescents become part of a peer group that greatly influences behavior.

Question 9

Sexual Identity

Answer 9

Begins with close, same-sex friendships during early adolescence, which sometimes involve sexual experimentation driven by curiosity.
Self-exploration occurs through masturbation.
Transition from friendship to intimate relationships, during adolescence.
In late adolescence, sexual identity typically is formed through the integration of sexual experiences, feelings, and knowledge.

Question 10

Health Perceptions

Answer 10

Adolescents can view themselves as invincible to bad outcomes of risky behaviors.

Question 11

Moral Development

Answer 11

Solve moral dilemmas using internalized moral principals.

Question relevance of existing moral values to society and individuals.

Question 12

Self Concept Development

Answer 12

View themselves in relation to similarities with peers during early adolescence.
View themselves according to their unique characteristics as the adolescent years progress.

Question 13

Body Image Changes

Answer 13

Base their own normality on comparisons with peers.

The image is established during adolescence is retained throughout life.

Question 14

Social Development

Answer 14

Peer relationships develop. These relationships act as a support system for adolescents.
best friend relationships are more stable and longer lasting than they were in the previous years.
Parent-child relationships change to allow a greater sense of independence.

Question 15

Age Appropriate Activities

Answer 15

Nonviolent video games. 
Nonviolent music. 
Sports. 
Caring for a pet. 
Career training programs. 
Reading. 
Social events.

Question 16

Immunizations

Answer 16

Include catch-up doses of any recommended immunizations not received at 11-12 years old.
Yearly influenza vaccinations.
16-18 years old: MCV4 booster recommended if first dose was received between 13-15 years old. A booster is needed if the first dose is received at 16 or older.

Question 17

Health Screening

Answer 17

scoliosis should continue during the adolescent years. theses screenings should include an examination for a lateral curvature of the spine before and during growth spurts. Screening can take place at school or a health care facility.

Question 18

Nutrition

Answer 18

Rapid growth and high metabolism requires increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate caloric restrictions.
During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, and zinc are needed.
Inadequate intake of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin A, iron, calcium, and zinc are common.
Overeating and under eating present challenges during the adolescent years.
Yearly assessment of height, weight, and BMI for age are needed in order to identify nutritional issues and intervene early.
Advise parents to:
Avoid using food as a reward.
Emphasize physical activity.
Ensure that a well balanced diet is consumed by following the USDA healthy diet recommendations.
Encourage adolescents to make healthy food selections for meals and snacks.

Question 19

Sleep and Rest

Answer 19

Sleep habits change with puberty due to increased metabolism and rapid growth.
Adolescents tend to stay up late, sleep in later in the morning, and sleep more than during the school-age years. Sleep habits change with puberty due to increased metabolism and rapid growth during the adolescent years.
During Periods of active growth, the need for sleep increases.

Question 20

Dental Health

Answer 20

Corrective appliances are most common with this age group.
Adolescents should brush after meal sand snacks, and at bedtime.
Adolescents should floss daily.
Adolescents should have regular check ups.
If necessary, adolescents should have regular fluoride treatments.

Question 21

Sexuality

Answer 21

Provide adolescents with accurate information, and discuss what is heard from peers.
Emphasize abstinence and or practicing safe sex.
Provide information about preventing STD and pregnancy.
Promote an atmosphere where adolescents are comfortable asking questions.
Assist adolescents with problem solving and decision making skills.

Question 22

Bodily Harm

Answer 22

Keep firearms unloaded and in a locked cabinet or box.
Teach proper use of sporting equipment prior to use.
Insist on helmet use and or pads when roller skating, skateboarding, bicycling, riding scooters, skiing, or snowboarding, .
Be aware of changes in mood. Monitor for self harm in adolescents who are at risk. Watch for the following:
Poor school performance.
Lack of interest in things that were of interest in the past.
Social isolation.
Disturbances in sleep.
Expression of suicidal thoughts.

Question 23

Burns

Answer 23

Teach fire safety.
Adolescents should apply sunscreen when outside.
Adolescents should avoid tanning beds.

Question 24

Drowning

Answer 24

Teach adolescents to swim.

Teach adolescents not to swim alone.

Question 25

Monitor Vehicle Injuries

Answer 25

Encourage attendance at drivers education courses.
Emphasize the need for adherence to seat belt use.
Insist on helps use with bicycles, motorcycles, skateboards, roller skates, and snowboards.
Discourage use of cell phones while driving and enforce laws regarding use.
Teach the dangers of combining substance abuse with driving.
Role model desired behavior.

Question 26

Substance Abuse

Answer 26

Monitor for signs of substance abuse in adolescents who are at risk.
Teach adolescents to say “no” to harmful substances and alcohol.
Present a no tolerance attitude.