health promotion (HP)

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs)?

A. NCDs account for about 1 in 3 deaths on a global scale
B. NCDs deaths occur mostly in high income countries
C. Cardiovascular deaths account for most NCD deaths
D. Most NCD deaths occur in people aged over 70 years
E. Many of the risks associated with NCDs are non‐modifiable

Answer 1

C. Cardiovascular deaths account for most NCD deaths

Question 2

Which of the following statements on indigenous people in Australia is FALSE?

A. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables applies to indigenous people in remote but not urban communities.
B. Type 2 diabetes is a potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in indigenous Australians.
C. Leading cause of death among indigenous men 35‐64 years is cardiovascular disease.
D. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are leading causes of death in indigenous females after age of 35 years.
E. The infant mortality rate among the indigenous population is improving.

Answer 2

A. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables applies to indigenous people in remote but not
urban communities.

Question 3

The biggest contrast measured in terms of the rate ratio for years of life lost between indigenous and non‐indigenous Australians exists in which age group?

A. Children < 5 years
B. Teenagers
C. Males aged 20‐29
D. Adults at midlife
E. Adults aged 65+ years

Answer 3

D. Adults at midlife

Question 4

what is the incubation period of measles?

Answer 4

10 days (7-18)

Question 5

how is measles transmitted?

Answer 5

airborne droplets and contact with respiratory discharge

Question 6

measles is infectious before onset of rash and before prodrome
true or false?

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Which one of the following best describes the WHO case definition for measles?

A. Any person with fever, maculopapular rash, and cough/coryza/conjunctivitis
B. Any person with fever, Koplik spots, and cough/coryza/ conjunctivitis
C. Any person with fever, maculopapular rash and who has been in contact with a case of measles over the last 2 weeks
D. Any person with a fever, and a maculopapular rash appearing 2‐7 days after the onset of illness
E. Any person with fever, maculopapular rash, and Koplik spots

Answer 7

A. Any person with fever, maculopapular rash, and cough/coryza/conjunctivitis

Question 8

Holiday to Bali, Indonesia next month; up‐to‐date with all of his childhood and high school immunisations. This vaccination must be given no later than 14 days prior to his departure.

a.Cholera
b. Tetanus
c. Japanese encephalitis
d. Typhoid

Answer 8

d. Typhoid

Question 9

A 26‐year‐old woman presents to her GP for travel advice before going to Africa to do some voluntary work. She will be provided with a certificate after this vaccination to allow her entry back into Australia.

a. Rabies
b. Yellow fever
c. Influenza
d. Meningococcal

Answer 9

b. Yellow fever

Question 10

A 32‐year‐old woman is currently 28 weeks’ pregnant. This vaccination is recommended to all pregnant women between 28‐32 weeks’ gestation.

a. Pneumococcal
b. Diphtheria
c. Pertussis
d. Rubella

Answer 10

c. Pertussis

Question 11

Which of the following is not included in the Ottawa charter?

a. Creating healthy public policy
b. Developing personal skills
c. Strengthening community action
d. Building healthier communities
e. Reorienting health services to health promotion
f. Reorienting health services to illness prevention
g. Forming supportive environments

Answer 11

d. Building healthier communities

Question 12

Planetary health includes all the following except:

a. Eco-social health perspective
b. Intergenerational equality
c. Social determinants of health
d. Economic determinants of health

Answer 12

d. Economic determinants of health

Question 13

In which health promotion framework does the Helsinki framework fall under?

a. Planetary health
b. Primary healthcare
c. Health in all policies

Answer 13

c. Health in all policies

Question 14

Bhuvi has not been particularly receptive towards his previous suggestions for his son’s vaccination in recent years, but is highly knowledgeable regarding vaccinations and always asks him questions. What type of parental vaccine type would Bhuvi be?

a. Refuser
b. Hesitant vaccinator
c. Selective vaccinator
d. Cautious acceptor

Answer 14

c. Selective vaccinator

Question 15

what type of vaccine is the TB vaccine?

Answer 15

live attenuated

Question 16

Which of the following vaccines are not live attenuated vaccines?
a. Polio
b. Pneumococcal
c. Rotavirus
d. Measles

Answer 16

b. Pneumococcal
(subunit)

Question 17

Which of the following is a toxoid vaccine?
a. Inactivated polio
b. Hepatitis B
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Diphtheria

Answer 17

d. Diphtheria (tetanus is also a toxoid vaccine)

Question 18

What type of administration do the polio (IPV) and haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) vaccines require?
a. Oral
b. Intramuscular
c. Subcutaneous
d. Intradermal

Answer 18

b. Intramuscular

Question 19

What type of administration do the polio (OPV) and rotavirus vaccines require?
a. Oral
b. Intramuscular
c. Subcutaneous
d. Intradermal

Answer 19

a. Oral

Question 20

What type of administration do measles and yellow fever vaccinations require?
a. Oral
b. Intramuscular
c. Subcutaneous
d. Intradermal

Answer 20

c. Subcutaneous

Question 21

route of administration of hep b vaccine

Answer 21

intramuscular

Question 22

Cindy wants to go on an alcohol rampage after lockdown. Which of the following vaccines would help prevent liver cancer?
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Haemophilus influenza B
d. Measles

Answer 22

b. Hepatitis B

Question 23

Yiddi is an indigenous girl who was just born 1 hour ago, in Monash Children’s Hospital, completely healthy.

Which vaccine should she receive at hospital within 24 hours (or 7 days
maximum)?
a. Pneumococcal
b. Meningococcal B
c. Hepatitis B
d. Rotavirus

Answer 23

c. Hepatitis B

Question 24

Yiddi is now 6 weeks old. Which vaccine is not yet indicated for her?
a. DPT combination (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)
b. Haemophilus influenzae B
c. Pneumococcal
d. Measles, mumps, rubella

Answer 24

d. Measles, mumps, rubella (12 months)

Question 25

At what age will Yiddi receive the meningococcal ACWY vaccine?
a. 6 months
b. 12 months
c. 18 months
d. 4 years

Answer 25

b. 12 months

Question 26

When she is 55 years old, what vaccination with Yiddi (indigenous) receive that her friend James (non-indigenous) won’t?
a. Pneumococcal
b. Meningococcal B
c. HZV (shingles)
d. Pertussis (whooping cough)

Answer 26

a. Pneumococcal

Question 27

Which of the following is not a challenge for immunisations in conflicted areas (as outlined in the notes)?

a. Migration of medical professionals out of the region
b. Socioeconomic barriers for refugees in foreign countries
c. Security concerns for healthcare workers
d. Diverted healthcare funding to military efforts

Answer 27

d. Diverted healthcare funding to military efforts

Question 28

Which of the following effects of climate change does not contribute to malnutrition?
a. Drought
b. Food insecurity
c. Changing ocean temperatures
d. Air pollution

Answer 28

d. Air pollution

Question 29

what are the 4 main NCDs?

Answer 29

CVDs, cancer, diabetes, chronic lung diseases

Question 30

Which ONE of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding climate change?

A. 2015 was the warmest year on record for the globe since records began in 1880.
B. Global average annual CO2 levels are steadily increasing.
C. Globally-averaged sea level has risen over 20 cm since the late 19th century.
D. Globally-averaged ocean temperatures and heat content have not changed between 1000m and 2000m below the surface.
E. The greenhouse effect is when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere such as CO2, act to increase the temperature on the earth’s surface.

Answer 30

D. Globally-averaged ocean temperatures and heat content have not changed between
1000m and 2000m below the surface.

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding health impacts of economic globalization over the last twenty years is TRUE?

A. Global under five mortality has increased.
B. On average, life expectancy has decreased worldwide.
C. Research and development of medicines to treat significant diseases is being carried out even if the treatments will not produce sufficient profit.
D. The proportion of people living in poverty across the world has increased.
E. Tobacco use is now concentrated in developing countries.

Answer 31

E. Tobacco use is now concentrated in developing countries.

Question 32

Which of the following environmental changes has NOT been shown to increase the risk of mosquito borne disease?

A. Changes in ambient temperature
B. Changes in rainfall patterns
C. Draining large bodies of water
D. Increased urban waste and poor sanitation
E. Urban population growth

Answer 32

C. Draining large bodies of water

Question 33

With regard to the ADVISE/AGREE aspect of the 5As framework for prevention in primary care, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Motivational interviewing
B. Referral to specialist services
C. Set goals and targets
D. Support for self-monitoring

Answer 33

A. Motivational interviewing

Question 34

The SNAP guidelines employs which of the following frameworks?

a. 3 D’s framework
b. 5 A’s framework
c. Ottawa Charter
d. Eco-social framework

Answer 34

b. 5 A’s framework

Question 35

The following is a list of vaccines and their types.

1. Yellow Fever – live attenuated
2. Hepatitis B - toxoid
3. Hemophilus influenza B- whole cell inactivated
4. Pneumococcal -subunit vaccine

Which of the above combinations are correct?

Answer 35

1 and 4

2. hepatits B - subunit vaccine
3. haemophilius influenza B - subunit vaccine