Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HP, HEP, HD, EBM, POP, HKS > evidence-based medicine (EBM) > Flashcards

evidence-based medicine (EBM) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the formula for negative likelihood ratio (LR-)?

A

(1 - sensitivity) / specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the formula for positive likelihood ratio (LR+)?

A

sensitivity / (1 - specificity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which statements are true?

a. Best test to use for ruling out disease is one with largest LR+
b. Best test to use for ruling out disease is one with smallest LR-
c. Best test to use for ruling in disease is one with smallest LR-
d. Best test to use for ruling in disease is one with largest LR+

A

b. Best test to use for ruling out disease is one with smallest LR-

d. Best test to use for ruling in disease is one with largest LR+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are Aust R goods evaluated on?

A

quality, safety, efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are Aust L goods evaluated on?

A

quality and safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does a skewed funnel plot indicate?

A

publication bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does horizontal line on forest plot represent?

A

95% confidence interval
bigger line = smaller sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the diamond on forest plot represent?

A

pooled mean when results are averaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the squares on forest plot represent?

A

mean
bigger squares = bigger sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is sensitivity?

A

probability of positive test in those with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is specificity?

A

probability of negative test in those without disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is positive likelihood ratio?

A

probability of positive test in those with disease/probability of positive test in those without disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is negative likelihood ratio?

A

probability of negative test in those with disease/probability of negative test in those without disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is positive predictive value?

A

Probability a person has the disease when the test is positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is negative predictive value?

A

Probability a person does not have the disease when the test is negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

jumping to conclusions
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

premature closure

17
Q

not questioning your skills
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

overconfidence

18
Q

overly influenced by the context
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

framing

19
Q

emotional influence
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

affective

20
Q

based on something you saw before
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

availability

21
Q

ignoring observations that conflict with proposed diagnosis
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

anchoring

22
Q

inexperienced member may not want to disagree
what kind of diagnostic error?

A

obedience

23
Q

how to calculate pre-test odds?

A

probability / 1 - probability

24
Q

MeSH (medical subjects headings terms) are:

a. a default in most medical databases
b. only in Medline and PubMed
c. free terms with no subject classification
d. in medline and EMTREE

A

b. only in Medline and PubMed

EMTREE in Embase

25
Q

journal peer review process is where peers look at your work before submitting to a journal
a. true
b. false

A

b. false
peer review process takes place AFTER submitting to a journal

26
Q

which of the following is NOT important to the concept of EBM?

a. improving patient satisfaction
b. reducing cost
c. improving clinical setting
d. improving the quality

A

c. improving clinical setting

27
Q

variation of differences (heterogeneity) between studies in meta analysis are due to all EXCEPT

a. statistical differences (variation between effects being evaluated)
b. confidence interval sizes
c. methodological design (study designs, conduct of study)
d. clinical aspects (participants, interventions, outcomes)

A

b. confidence interval sizes

28
Q

in terms of impact of using a LR, how important is the value of a pre-test probability?

a. irrelevant
b. critical
c. depends on diagnosis
d. depends on whether LR is positive or negative

A

b. critical

29
Q

Systematic reviews have all of the following features in common EXCEPT:

A. Only studies related to clinical work are included in systematic reviews.
B. Systematic reviews are focused on a single topic.
C. Systematic reviews differ from narrative reviews in that they attend to the rigor of the research design.
D. Systematic reviews focus on studies with similar populations, study designs and outcomes.
E. The author(s) of a systematic review must document the criteria used to include or exclude studies from the review.

A

A. Only studies related to clinical work are included in systematic reviews.

30
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE of Clinical Practice Guidelines?

A. A formal evaluation of the evidence is not always necessary
B. They need to address only major treatment issues related to the condition
C. They need to be accessible, but not necessarily free of charge
D. They need to be applicable locally

A

D. They need to be applicable locally

31
Q

Which of the following is not a medical literature database?

Select one:
a. Embase
b. Cochrane Library
c. MS Access
d. Ovid Medline

A

c. MS Access

32
Q

Citation number is a good measure of the impact of a journal article

True or false

A

True

33
Q

To narrow a search, which of the following should NOT be used?

a. Filters
b. Boolean operators (AND, NOT)
c. Truncation
d. Search field tags

A

c. Truncation

34
Q

To broaden a search, which of the following should NOT be used?

a. Boolean operators (AND, NOT)
b. Wildcard
c. Truncation
d. Boolean operators (OR)

A

a. Boolean operators (AND, NOT)

35
Q

The following are biases which may affect the results EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Blinding
b. Complete outcome data - equal across groups
c. Selective outcome reporting
d. Allocation concealment

A

b. Complete outcome data - equal across groups

36
Q

The following are best to describe RELIABILITY EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Generalisability
b. Consistency of measure - reproducibility
c. Assess the degree which raters give consistent estimates
d. Assess the consistency of results across items within a test

A

a. Generalisability
- external validity

HP, HEP, HD, EBM, POP, HKS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions