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Nursing School Pt 4 > Health promotion Exam 1 > Flashcards

Health promotion Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What Does ACA provode subsidies for
  2. Is it okay to deny coverace because of health status?
  3. Provide tax credis to small businesses that offer coverage to their employees (T/F)
A
  1. Low and moderate income families
  2. Not with ACA
  3. True
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2
Q
  1. Is ACA optional?
  2. How is medicaid expanded with ACA
A
  1. No, individual mandate
  2. to cover low income, uninsured adults regardless of whether they have childrenno
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3
Q
  1. Can ACA cut benefits previously provided to medicare people
  2. Does ACA provide a gov’t run insurance plan alongside private insurance
  3. How many peopleis required for a business to require health insurance
A
  1. No
  2. No
  3. 50 people or more
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4
Q
  1. What is primary prevention
  2. What is secondary prevention
  3. What is tertiary prevention
A
  1. No health issue, education, health promotion, and specific protection, Vaccinations
  2. Screenings! early diagnosis,p rompt tx, disability limitation
  3. Restoration, rehab. Most severe admtted

Decide how severe disease is, before answering. If no disease its primary

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5
Q
  1. Examples of Primary
  2. What is an example of prevention of all three (1,2,3)
A
  1. fluoride i water, hand hygiene campaign, teaching
  2. Health fairs
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6
Q
  1. statement best describes the current health care system in the United States?
  2. Which is an example of a direct care service?
  3. What is an example of indirect care of service
A
  1. in a state of transition
  2. physical therapy, a health service delivered to an individual
  3. Inspecting public facilities, monitoring for environmental hazards, and health planning for the community
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7
Q
  1. What is an example of private funding for health care
  2. Government is an example of
  3. Which federal agency has the most health-related responsibilities?
A
  1. Insurance payment, both for profit and not for profit
  2. Public funding
  3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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8
Q
  1. What activites does the USHHS
  2. What is the goal of managed care
  3. During which decade did the federal government spend an increased proportion of money on prevention activities rather than illness care?
A
  1. direct care, health planning, tesource development, research, health care, financing, and regulatory oversight
  2. Lower cost of healthcare
  3. 1970s
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9
Q
  1. Which strategy can nurses use to assist with improving quality care?
  2. Which statement best describes a single-payer system?
  3. Key features of the United States health care system are x3
A
  1. Provide education
  2. financed by tax dollars through the government
  3. the free-market economy encourages a laissez-faire approach., provided by both private and public monies, delivered by private individuals, groups, or corporations
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10
Q
  1. statements tat best describe the current state of health care in the United States x3
  2. What is an example of a third-party payer
A
  1. cost of health care continues to increase, There is an increasing amount of consumer awareness, Competing philosophies have created changes that have caused conflict
  2. Insurance company
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11
Q
  1. What population is at greatest risk for having limited access to health care services?
  2. What is Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)?
A
  1. elderly, poor children, and the medically indigent.
  2. provides health insurance to low-income, uninsured children
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12
Q
  1. Primary Beneficiaries of Medicare
A
  1. the elderly (age 65+ years) who have contributed to the system during their working life, or the spouses of contributors, those under age 65 years with long-term disabilities or end-stage renal disease.
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13
Q
  1. The main purpose of Medicaid is to provide:
  2. A major success of managed care has been
  3. actors that have caused expenditures in health care to increase
A
  1. medical assistance to the poor.
  2. reduce costs
  3. technology, increased demand fr services, inflation
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14
Q
  1. What is the focus of the CDC
  2. What is the best global indicator of child health?
  3. how nurses can participate in global health?
A
  1. disease control and prevention, Monitoring an outbreak of measles in a community
  2. Malnutrition
  3. Volunteering, international organizations
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15
Q
  1. Poorer countries experience x4
  2. What is true about audiovisuals
  3. What teaching principle is being used when, at the end of the teaching session, the nurse asks the learners how they will apply the knowledge at home?
A
  1. higher death rates, short life expectancy, infectious dieases, poor standarad of care
  2. can be adjusted to the learner’s pace
  3. personalization
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16
Q
  1. Passive strategies involve
  2. Active strategies involve
A
  1. public health efforts to maintain clean water and sanitary sewage systems, and efforts to introduce vitamin D
  2. lifestyle changes are daily exercise as part of a physical fitness plan and a stress-management program
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17
Q
  1. The clinical Model
  2. The role performance model
  3. In the adaptive model of health
  4. Eudonistic Model (this one is the best)
A
  1. the absence of signs and symptoms of disease= health
  2. defines health in terms of individuals’ ability to perform social roles.work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations
  3. people’s ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt
  4. exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment
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18
Q
  1. Four components of the metaparadigm for nursing
  2. driving forces in health care reform and the prevention of disease in society?
A
  1. person, health, environment, nursing
  2. Healthy people, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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19
Q
  1. Healthy people 2020
  2. health-promotion strategies?
A
  1. Increase quality and years of life, Eliminate health disparities
  2. screening, self-care for minor illness, readiness for emergencies, successful management of chronic illness, environmental changes to enhance positive behaviors, and health-enhancing policies within an organizational setting.
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20
Q
  1. Culture
  2. Values
  3. Value Orientation
A
  1. patterns of human behavior that include language, communication, customs and beliefs
  2. beliefs about the worth of something and serve as standards that influence behavior
  3. reflect the personality type of a particular society
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21
Q
  1. components included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of malnutrition?
A
  1. obesity, indadequate vitamins, protein intake (SATA)
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22
Q
  1. Healthy People 2020 goal related to the screening of infants?
  2. multicultural awareness into the screening process, initially begins with
  3. Successful implementation of a screening program depends on the availability of appropriate:
A
  1. Screen for hearing loss no later than age one month
  2. identifying factors influencing the population’s access to health care
  3. community resources
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23
Q
  1. goals associated with screening?
  2. What are the variables that aid in a screening instrument’s evaluation? x3
  3. Health promotion and disease prevention in the retirement community setting?
A
  1. Detects risk factors and a disease or condition early, Reduces costs associated with, improve quality of care
  2. reliability, validity, reproducibility
  3. BP, cholesterol tests, counseling on quitting smoking, eating healthy, exercise, flu and pneumonea shots
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24
Q
  1. screening programs cause ethical issues to occur such as x4
A
  1. lack of resources of individuals identified with risk factors to seek referral and follow-up
  2. determining the screening cutoff points for the screening instrument and borderline cases
  3. Individual misinterpretation of screening results as diagnostic of a disease state
  4. evaluating whether the benefits received by those correctly screened are worth the problems experienced by those incorrectly screened
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25
Q
  1. What is health education
  2. The nurse incorporates cultural considerations into the health teaching plan by:
A
  1. Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions
  2. assessing a person’s beliefs
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26
Q
  1. What assessment technique will elicit the best information on the quality of life from individuals and families in a target population?
  2. Nurses play an active role in __________individuals to make their own informed decisions about health care.
  3. What are some strategies that nurses can use to promote health literacy?
A
  1. Self Study
  2. Empowering
  3. Speak clearly distinctly, face person when speaking, conclude with a summary of key points
27
Q
  1. What are some of the components of the health belief model that can assist nurses in determining the probability of an individual to make change?
A
  1. Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, complications,
  2. Perceived seriousness of disease,
  3. Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture
28
Q
  1. five stages of health-related behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?
  2. Precontemplation
  3. Contemplation
A
  1. Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action Maintenance
  2. not thinking about or considering quitting or adopting a behavior change within the next 6 months
  3. Considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months
29
Q
  1. Preparation Phase
  2. Action phase
  3. Maintenance phase
A
  1. thinking about making a change within the next month
  2. made a behavior change and it has persisted for a period of 6 months
  3. 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely
30
Q
  1. Nurses provide health education to people to assist them in achieving a goal of x4
A
  1. enhanced wellness
  2. mangament of chronic condition
  3. wisely handling daily health care decisions.
  4. fostering successful changes in health behaviors.
31
Q
  1. malnutrition may be present in the person with…
  2. What are the leading nutritional guidelines that are used for translation into law, policy, programs and consumer messages in the United States? x3
A
  1. involuntary decrease of weight of more than 10 lb in the last 6 months
  2. dietary reference intakes, dietary guidelines for americans, my plate (not RDA, not FDA)
32
Q
  1. Define health ecology
  2. How does it expand high level of wellness
  3. Key health concepts x 4
A
  1. interconnection betwen people, phys, and social env’t
  2. social and env’t enhance or limit healthy behaviors
  3. functioning, health, disease, illness
33
Q
  1. What influences functioning
  2. What does loss of function indicate
  3. Define health
A
  1. neighborhoods, society, ecologcy
  2. sign of disease or illness (hi,low)(Absent,Present)
  3. state of physica, mental, spirtual, social, function within developmental context. (individual & societal responsibility)
34
Q
  1. What is disease?
  2. What is illness?
  3. What is a population
A
  1. failure of adaptive mechanisms results in function or structural disturbance
  2. subjective experience, indivual and phys manifestation of disease
  3. have one personal/env’t characteristic in common
35
Q
  1. contributing factors to health x3
  2. If client is over 65 and needs to go to the hosptial for pneumona. What would cover her?
  3. Grandfather over 65 w/ ongoing cough. Supplemental insurance pays 20% toward costs for office visits, 80% gov’t program?
A
  1. disparities, social- fincances, education, env’t, health (genetics, traits)
  2. Medicare Part A
  3. Medicaid part B
36
Q
  1. Grandfather over 65 wants a bp check, thyroid test and prevention screening. What gov’t prgoram pay 100% for prevention?
  2. Client needs to go to a nursing home. What gov’t program will pay most of nursing home costs?
  3. Client is a senior and needs meds? What will help pay?
A
  1. Medicare Part B
  2. Medicare Part A
  3. Meducare Part D
37
Q
  1. Medicare Prescription Drug Plans have a coverage gap referred to as…
  2. Is it being eliminated with ACA
A
  1. Donut hole
  2. NO
  3. Medicaid Expansion
38
Q
  1. Category for Screening for early detection of diabetes
  2. Smoking cessation classes for those who started smoking?
  3. Education on removing slippery rugs in the home
A
  1. Secondary
  2. Secondary
  3. Primary
39
Q
  1. Nursing Roles x7
A
  • advocate
  • educate
  • community based care
  • EBP
  • policy decision making
  • lobby
  • health promotion
40
Q
  1. What is the purpose of ACA
  2. Do all states participate in medicaid expansion?
  3. What is the purpose of individual mandate?
A
  1. ensure med coverage for all. Medicaid expansion
  2. no
  3. to pay for costs previously paid by gov’t for those uninsured
41
Q
  1. What are ACA policy issues
  2. What is the structure of Medicaire
  3. Medicarce part A
A
  1. Coverage gap, aging pop (push to community based), health workforce shortage
  2. A,B,D
  3. hospital
42
Q
  1. Medicare Part B
  2. Medicare Part D
  3. According to EBP, what is good medical care based on
A
  1. Outpatient
  2. Medication coverage
  3. good research, clinical expertise, patient driven
43
Q
  1. What is the purpose of screening?
  2. Advantages of Screenings
  3. disadvantages
A
  1. detection of disease, decrease cost, better outcomes
  2. Simplicity, cost effective
  3. validity, lack of follow up
44
Q
  1. What are factors involved in the development f screening prgrms
  2. Ethical issue regarding insrumentation
  3. Potential for incorrect results, could lead to…
A
  1. assessment, population identification, follow up access? , cost
  2. Cut off points and borderline cases
  3. benefits received vs problems experienced?, misinterpretation?
45
Q
  1. How old and how often for mammogram screenings?
  2. How and and how often for colorectal screenings?
  3. What is nurses primary responsibility regarding health promotion
A
  1. 40 annualy
  2. After 50, 5-10 years
  3. Education
46
Q
  1. What are goals of health education?
  2. Define health education
A
  1. wellness, empower individual, lifestyle change
  2. planned, sound theories, provide individuals, group, communities change to acquire information/skills needed to make quality health decisions
47
Q
  1. How to apply health education
  2. What is the health belief model
  3. Why was it developed
A
  1. voluntary control, behavior changes, teach-learning
  2. a pardigm used to predict and explain health behavior
  3. to describe why people failed to participate in programs to detect or prevent disease
48
Q
  1. How has the health beliefe model been expanded?
  2. How does the health belief model assist the nurse?
  3. How is the transtheoretical model useful
A
  1. responses to symptoms of disease, tx, and health issues
  2. formulating an action plan that meets the needs and capabilites of the individual
  3. determining readiness for behavior change. inteventions match state of change.
49
Q
  1. What is a key construct in the transtheoretical model?
  2. What are the 3 domains of learning
  3. What does the cognitive domain mean?
A
  1. Self efficacy
  2. cognitive, psychomotor, affective
  3. new facts, applying knowledge to new situation
50
Q
  1. Examples of Cognitive Domain teaching style
  2. Examples of Psychomotor teaching styles
  3. Examples of affective
A
  1. lecture, one on one, instruction, discussion, discovery, audiovisual, printed, computer assisted
  2. demonstration, practice, mental imaging
  3. (feeling), role modeling, discussion, role play, gaming, simulation
51
Q
  1. What do you assess in a learner x6
A
  • age, development, stage in life, level of education
  • health beliefes
  • motivation/readiness
  • risks/problems
  • current knowlege/skills
  • barriers
52
Q
  1. How can the nurse evaluate the teaching x8
A
  • oral/written test
  • demonstration
  • observation
  • self report
  • self monitoring
  • feedback/survey
  • non verbal cues
  • stats
53
Q
  1. What are nonverbal cues?
  2. What are the highest rated nutritional risk factors?
  3. Who is primarily responsible for food assistance programs
A
  1. fatigue, frustration, satisfaction
  2. CV disease, Heart Disease, Hypertension, CAncer, Osteoporosis
  3. USDA
54
Q
  1. What does the USDA use
  2. What is the criteria for nutritional screenign for olde adults
  3. What does nutritional screening help with
A
  1. federal funding and farm commodities
  2. simple and straightforward
  3. establish priorities for most efficient use of time/money
55
Q
  1. What age grp are we most concered about for nutritional screening
  2. What is the most critical component of diabetes care?
  3. What complications can occur due to diabetes?
A
  1. > 75
  2. Medical nutrition therapy
  3. blindness, CHD, nephropathy, and neuropathy
56
Q
  • Counseling with registered dietitian for adult nutrition?
A
  • disease specific counseling, obesity
  • malnourished
  • cholesterol level > 240
  • ADL’s
  • Mineral deficiency or osteoporosis
57
Q
  1. Is there a diet specific for diabetes?
  2. Plan of action for pt with diabetes
  3. Who does diabetic get referred to?
A
  1. No
  2. meal plan, daily energy needs, encourage exercise, referral
  3. physician, dietician, RN
58
Q
  1. Aside for vitamins and mineral, what else do supplements entail?
  2. What vitamins are at highest risk for toxicity?
  3. What is the leading cause of death from poor diet
A
  1. amino acids, metabolites, constiutents, extracts
  2. ADEK
  3. Dietary excess and imbalance
59
Q
  1. Physiolgic stressors
  2. Psychological stressors
  3. What stressors can pertain to ADL’s
A
  1. pain, excessive noise, starvation, infection
  2. diagnosis of cancer, death of a spouse, marital problems
  3. meeting work deadlines, cleaning or repairing the house
60
Q
  1. What are extrinsic stressors?
  2. How can individual modify extrinsic factors?
  3. What are intrinsic facors
A
  1. no control (weather, traffic jam, death of a spouse)
  2. changin env’t, social interactions, behaviors
  3. individual- time management, procrastination, bad communication, neg thinking,
61
Q
  1. What are the 3 pain pathways of physiologic stress?
  2. What happens to MSK when stressed?
  3. What happens to ANS when stressed
A
  1. MSK, ANS, Psychoendocrine
  2. increase tension and tone
  3. inc HR, BP, and RR
62
Q
  1. What happens to psychoendocrine system when stressed?
  2. What can stresss do to disease process
A
  1. secretion of corticosteroids, inc sugar, sodium retention and increase ANTI-inflammatory response
  2. exacerbate symptoms, association to CV disease
63
Q
  1. What does CAM have to do with nursing
  2. What are factor associated with cam
  3. What is CAM a bridge for
A
  1. healing whole person as a goal
  2. mind, body, spirit, emotion
  3. conventional healing and complementary alternative healing practices
64
Q
  1. What type of setting do CAM work?
  2. How are they trained
A
  1. universities, private practice, hospitals
  2. in both models of care

Nursing School Pt 4 (8 decks)

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