health promotion CVS Flashcards
what is health promotion?
health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. it moves beyond a focus of individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.
how do personal attitudes and traits effect the response to health promotion?
medical/preventative approach?
the reorientation of health services and realistic medicine.
- to identify those at risk from disease
behaviour change approach?
understanding and development of personal skills, can also be an educational approach.
- encourage individuals to take responsibility for health and lifestyle.
educational approach?
can include community actions
- increase knowledge and skills about healthy lifestyles.
empowerment approach?
can include aspects of supportive environments and community actions and the reorientation of health services.
- work with patients and communities to meet perceived needs.
social change approach?
includes healthy public policy and aspects of community action and supportive environments.
- address inequalities
what are the 4 types of CVD?
1- coronary heart disease
2- stroke
3- peripheral arterial disease
4- aortic disease
what can unmanned CVD lead to?
- low quality of life
- disability
- death
1- what is the estimate health burden of CVD between 2019 and 2043?
2- what is the heart and circulatory disease mortality rate in Scotland?
1- its forecast that health burden of CVD will increase by 34% between 2019 and 2043.
2- three in ten deaths
top 5 causes of death in Scotland 2022?
1- coronary heart disease
2- dementia and alzheimers
3- lung cancer
4- stroke
5- lower respiratory
what is the public health Scotland HD action plan?
it sets out the prioritise and the actions to minimise preventable heart disease and ensure equitable and timely access to diagnoses, treatment and care for people with suspected heart disease in Scotland.
what are the 4 priorities of the HD action plan?
1- prevention (tackling risk factors)
2- timely and equitable access to diagnosis, treatment and care.
3- workforce
4- effective use of data.
how much money does circulatory and heart disease cost NHS Scotland each year?
£800m
modifiable risk factors for CVD?
- lifestyle factors
- personality
- perceived stress
Health promotion aims to target these ones.
non modifiable risk factors for CVD?
- age
- ethnicity
- family history
- sex
- social determinants
- genetics
what are the 3 types of health promotion?
primary
secondary
tertiary
primary health promotion and examples?
- aims to prevents disease or illness before it occurs
- done through altering of healthy or unsafe behaviours that can lead to illness or disease.
- aimed at promotion of good health in the general population
EG- immunisation against infectious disease
secondary health promotion and examples?
- aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred
- done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible, encourage personal strategies to prevent re injury and implementation programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long term problem.
EG- regular exams and screening tests to detect disease early.
tertiary health promotion and examples?
- aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects
- help people manage long term, often complex health promotions and injuries in order to improve as much as possible their ability to function and quality of life.
EG- cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programmes
who is tertiary health promotion aimed at?
focuses on people who already have a health problem or illness and Imas to reduce the damage to health or prevent reoccurrence of that health problem.
what are the 5 approaches to CVD health promotion?
1- behaviour change
2- educational
3- enhancing motivation
4- health behaviour maintenance
5- combing approaches/ programmes
6- relapse prevention
behaviour change:
aim and method?
aim = encourage individuals to take responsibility for health and lifestyle changes
method = persuasive information, one to one advice, smoking cessation
educational:
aim and method?
aim = increase knowledge and skills about healthy lifestyles
method = give information about effects and risks of CVD
enhancing motivation:
aim and method?
aim = guiding patients to enhance motivation
methods = motivational interviewing (a collaborative approach)
health promotion maintenance:
aim and method?
aim = removal of barriers, creation of supptove environments and a strong sense of self efficiency
methods = development of self efficiency, goal setting and monitoring self behaviour
combining approaches/ programmes:
aim and methods?
aim = the use of multiple approaches to promote healthier behaviours
methods= a patient may benefit from receiving information (educational approach) as well as attending an exercise programme (behaviour change)
relapse prevention:
aim and methods?
aim = often when patients are adopting a new behaviour they sometimes revert back to their old behaviour (lapse), if this is prolonged this is called a relapse.
method: nicotine replacement therapy
what are cardioprotective personalty traits?
- optimism
- conscientious and opens have been found to be associated with positive health outcomes
what are the 4 personality types?
Type A =The director - goal orientated, risk taking, good under stress
Type B = the socialiser- relationship orientated, outgoing, enthusiastic
Type C = The thinker - detail orientated, logical, prepared
Type D = The supporter - task orientated, stabilising, cautious
Type X = combines 2 or more personality types when they are equal
who first established the Lin between personality and CVD?
Friedman and rosenman (1959)
what type of personality seeks the most treatment for CVD?
type A - they have more aggressive, competitive, hostile and were prone to excessive stress
- they are over represented for seeking treatment for CVDA
How do you change type A behaviour?
- stress reduction strategies
- relocation techniques
- anger management
what are the dilemmas/ challenges surrounding health promotion?
- effective health promotion advocacy
- health promotion workforce competency
- sustainable financing of health promotion
- the predominance of a medicalised culture within health systems
ten tips for better health (Donaldson 1999)
1- don’t smoke
2- follow a balanced diet
3- keep physically active
4- manage stress
5- alcohol in moderation
6- cover up in the sun
7- practise safer sex
8- take u cancer screening opportunities
9- be safe on the roads
10 - learn first AID
ten tips for staying healthy (gordon 1999)
1- don’t be poor
2- don’t have poor parents
3- own a car
4- don’t work in a stressful, low paid manual Jon
5- don’t live in damp low quality housing
6- be able to afford to go on holiday and sunbathe
7- don’t become unemployed
8- don’t live next to a busy road or polluting factory
9- take up all benefits you are entitled too
10- learn how to fill in complex housing benefits
