Health Promotion And Screening Flashcards
What is the aim of primary prevention?
To prevent the onset of disease or injury by reducing exposure to risk factors
What are the 4 main approaches of primary prevention?
- Immunisation
- Prevention of contact with environmental risk factors (eg asbestos)
- Taking appropriate precautions re communicable disease
- Reducing risk factors from health related behaviours Ie quitting smoking
What is the aim of secondary prevention?
To detect and treat diseases (or its risk factors) at an early stage (to prevent progression/ potential future complications from disease)
Give an example of secondary prevention
Screening for cervical cancer
Monitory and treating blood pressure
Screening for glaucoma
What is the aim of tertiary prevention?
Minimise the effects of established disease
Give an example of a tertiary prevention
Maximise the remaining capabilities and function of an already disabled patient
Renal transplants (to prevent death)
Steroids for asthma (prevent attacks)
What is the sensitivity of a test?
The proportion of the people with the disease who are test positive
The detection rate
The probability a case will test positive
What is the equation for sensitivity?
True positives/ (true positives + false negatives)
What is the specificity of a test?
The proportion of the people without the disease who are test negative
(Like the opposite of sensitivity)
The proportion of the people who really do not have the disease who are identified correctly by the test as not having it
How do you calculate specificity?
True negatives/ (false positives + true negatives)
What is the positive predictive value (PPV)?
Probability that someone who has tested positive actually has the disease
What is the value of the PPV strongly influenced by?
The prevalence of the disease
How do you calculate the positive predictive value?
True positives/ (true positives + false positives)
What is the negative predictive value?
The proportion of the people who are test negative who actually do not have the disease
How do you calculate the negative predictive value?
True negatives / (false negatives + true negatives)
