Health Promotion and Risk Management

Question 1

Series of 2 injections given six months apart from between ages 9-14 years. Series of 3 injections at 0, 2, and 6 months between ages 15-26.

Answer 1

HPV (gardasil 9)

Question 2

Given every 10 years as early as age 7 years.

Answer 2

Td or Tdap

Question 3

Given to all adolescents aged 11-18 years and possible again prior to college freshman in high-risk individuals.

Answer 3

Meningococcal vaccine

Question 4

Beginning age 21 years with STD testing for all sexually active women and done at least every 3 years (usually annually).

Answer 4

Pap smear

Question 5

Done annually for women ages 45-54 years and every 2 years after age 55 (ACS); done every 2 years ages 50-74 or beyond (USPSTF); annually for ages 50-74 or beyond (ACOG).

Answer 5

Mammography

Question 6

Done annually beginning age 40 if at very high risk (relative with early-age diagnosis of cancer), age 45 if relative diagnosis after age 65, or age 50 if average risk.

Answer 6

Prostate exam (digital and PSA)

Question 7

Stool-based exam done annually for ages 45-75 for those with average risk, OR structural scope (colonoscopy) every 10 years. All positives need scope.

Answer 7

Colorectal cancer screening

Question 8

Given in series of 2 shots 2-6 months apart at age 50.

Answer 8

Shingrix (herpes zoster)

Question 9

May discontinue after age 65-70 if 3 consecutive normal cytology tests and no abnormal tests in past 10 years.

Answer 9

Pap smear for elderly women

Question 10

True positives; degree to which those with a disease screen positive.

Answer 10

Sensitivity

Question 11

True negatives; degree to which those without a disease screen negative.

Answer 11

Specificity

Question 12

Frequency with which a disease appears in a particular population or area at a given time. The rate in which new cases occur during a specific time period. Example: 20 cases of botulism per 500,000 people reported in Alaska during 2010.

Answer 12

Incidence

Question 13

Proportion of a population affected by a disease at a particular time. Example: Lupus in women living in Illinois during 2010 was less than 1%.

Answer 13

Prevalence

Question 14

Heart disease (CAD and MI), cancer, accidents/unintentional injury, lower respiratory disease (COPD and asthma), and stroke/CVA.

Answer 14

Top killers of adults in US

Question 15

Cancer responsible for the highest mortality rate in women (1), leading gynecologic cancer killer (2), and highest incidence other than skin (3).

Answer 15

1 - lung, 2 - ovarian, 3 - breast

Question 16

Cancer with highest mortality in men (1) and most common other than skin (2)

Answer 16

1 - lung, 2 - prostate

Question 17

Major causes of death in adolescents (ages 12-19) and young adults (ages 20-39).

Answer 17

MVAs (1), suicide/homicide (2)

Question 18

Measures to promote health prior to onset of problem. Diet, exercise, seatbelts, etc.

Answer 18

Primary prevention

Question 19

Measures for early identification and treatment of existing problems. Regular exams/screening

Answer 19

Secondary prevention

Question 20

Rehabilitation and restoration of health. Cardiac rehab following MI, PT following accident.

Answer 20

Tertiary prevention

Question 21

Substances capable of inducing a specific immune response.

Answer 21

Antigens

Question 22

Molecules synthesized in reaction to an antigen.

Answer 22

Antibodies

Question 23

Conferred by antibody formation stimulated with a specific antigen such as typhoid fever immunization and toxoids.

Answer 23

Active immunity

Question 24

Conferred by the introduction of antibody proteins such as gamma globulin injections or maternal immunity transferred to fetus.

Answer 24

Passive immunity

Question 25

Vaccines which should be given to all health care workers and high-risk patients including sexually active adults (1). 2 doses given to all healthcare workers regardless of when they were born (2).

Answer 25

Hepatitis B (1) and mumps (2)