Health Promotion and Risk Management Flashcards
Series of 2 injections given six months apart from between ages 9-14 years. Series of 3 injections at 0, 2, and 6 months between ages 15-26.
HPV (gardasil 9)
Given every 10 years as early as age 7 years.
Td or Tdap
Given to all adolescents aged 11-18 years and possible again prior to college freshman in high-risk individuals.
Meningococcal vaccine
Beginning age 21 years with STD testing for all sexually active women and done at least every 3 years (usually annually).
Pap smear
Done annually for women ages 45-54 years and every 2 years after age 55 (ACS); done every 2 years ages 50-74 or beyond (USPSTF); annually for ages 50-74 or beyond (ACOG).
Mammography
Done annually beginning age 40 if at very high risk (relative with early-age diagnosis of cancer), age 45 if relative diagnosis after age 65, or age 50 if average risk.
Prostate exam (digital and PSA)
Stool-based exam done annually for ages 45-75 for those with average risk, OR structural scope (colonoscopy) every 10 years. All positives need scope.
Colorectal cancer screening
Given in series of 2 shots 2-6 months apart at age 50.
Shingrix (herpes zoster)
May discontinue after age 65-70 if 3 consecutive normal cytology tests and no abnormal tests in past 10 years.
Pap smear for elderly women
True positives; degree to which those with a disease screen positive.
Sensitivity
True negatives; degree to which those without a disease screen negative.
Specificity
Frequency with which a disease appears in a particular population or area at a given time. The rate in which new cases occur during a specific time period. Example: 20 cases of botulism per 500,000 people reported in Alaska during 2010.
Incidence
Proportion of a population affected by a disease at a particular time. Example: Lupus in women living in Illinois during 2010 was less than 1%.
Prevalence
Heart disease (CAD and MI), cancer, accidents/unintentional injury, lower respiratory disease (COPD and asthma), and stroke/CVA.
Top killers of adults in US
Cancer responsible for the highest mortality rate in women (1), leading gynecologic cancer killer (2), and highest incidence other than skin (3).
1 - lung, 2 - ovarian, 3 - breast
Cancer with highest mortality in men (1) and most common other than skin (2)
1 - lung, 2 - prostate
Major causes of death in adolescents (ages 12-19) and young adults (ages 20-39).
MVAs (1), suicide/homicide (2)
Measures to promote health prior to onset of problem. Diet, exercise, seatbelts, etc.
Primary prevention
Measures for early identification and treatment of existing problems. Regular exams/screening
Secondary prevention
Rehabilitation and restoration of health. Cardiac rehab following MI, PT following accident.
Tertiary prevention
Substances capable of inducing a specific immune response.
Antigens
Molecules synthesized in reaction to an antigen.
Antibodies
Conferred by antibody formation stimulated with a specific antigen such as typhoid fever immunization and toxoids.
Active immunity
Conferred by the introduction of antibody proteins such as gamma globulin injections or maternal immunity transferred to fetus.
Passive immunity
Vaccines which should be given to all health care workers and high-risk patients including sexually active adults (1). 2 doses given to all healthcare workers regardless of when they were born (2).
Hepatitis B (1) and mumps (2)
