Health Promotion And Improvement

Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Process of enabling people to increase control over/improve their health.
Goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing.

Question 2

What’s the definition of health?

Answer 2

Extent to which an individual/group able to realise aspirations/fulfil needs to cope with environment

Question 3

What are the levels of prevention?

Answer 3

-Primary: reduce exposure to risk factors (immunisations, diet, exercise)

-Secondary: early diagnosis/treat risk factors (screening for cervical cancer, monitoring)

-Tertiary: minimise effects of disease (transplants, steroids for asthma)

Question 4

What is universal health promotion?

Answer 4

Aims to reduce risk across the whole population.
E.g sugar tax

Likely to see bigger impact where a risk factor is common

Question 5

What is targeted health promotion?

Answer 5

Aim to identify those most at risk and then tailor messages and approaches to that group/groups.
E.g breastfeeding initiatives in young moms

Can be tailored to need and to specific communities.

Question 6

What is self-management?

Answer 6

3 core tasks: medical management, role/behavioural management, emotional

5 key processes: decision making, problem-solving, utilising resources, taking action, forming partnerships with healthcare professionals.

Question 7

What is patient activation?

Answer 7

Defined as the knowledge, skills, and confidence an individual has in managing their own health and healthcare

Question 8

What’s been done for the prevention of heart disease?

Answer 8

Smoking ban in public places
Raising taxes on tobacco and alcohol
Warning about the dangers of tobacco
Bans on alcohol advertising

Question 9

prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 9

Primary- exercise
Secondary- screening for gestational diabetes
Tertiary- screening for retinopathy

Question 10

What is Making Every Contact Count (MECC)?

Answer 10

Use brief opportunistic advice to encourage patients to change lifestyle
-signposting to further help/additional support
-increasing awareness of risks/provide encouragement for change

Allows people to: promote mental/emotional wellbeing, decrease alcohol consumption, not smoke, increase physical activity.

Question 11

How do you evaluate health promotion?

Answer 11

-provide evidence-based interventions
-accountability (for political support)
-ethical obligation (ensure it doesn’t cause direct/indirect harm)
-programme management/development