Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Question 1

How nurses promote health

Answer 1

-provide essential input to interdisciplinary programs that monitor, anticipate, and respond to public health problems in population groups
-evaluate health trends and risk factors of population groups and healing to determine priorities for targeted individuals
-working with communities/populations groups w/ in the community to develop public policy and targeted health promotion and disease prevention activities
-participate in assessment and evaluation of healthcare services to ensure that people are informed of available programs and services and are assisted in the utilization of available services

Question 2

main objectives of healthy people 2030

Answer 2

-eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity
-attain health literacy to improve health and well being of all

Question 3

health promotion

Answer 3

-helping others discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health and supporting them to change their lifestyle
-aims at engaging and empowering individuals/communities to choose healthy behaviors and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases
-goal: prevent illness and physical or emotional challenges from occuring

Question 4

levels of prevention

Answer 4

-primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 5

primary prevention

Answer 5

-pre pathogenic period, no s/s of disease or physical challenges
-goal: maximize health and wellness while clients have control over their health and wellness

Question 6

ex of primary prevention

Answer 6

-immunizations
-drivers safety class
-healthy water & air quality
-fire safety
-seatbelts
-ear plugs

Question 7

surveillance

Answer 7

-gather data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness
-programs planned to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health
-info gathered from clinics, CH nurses, workers compensation settlements, personnel files

Question 8

functions of surveillance

Answer 8

-Estimating the impact of a disease or injury
-Portraying the natural history of a health condition
-Determining the distribution and spread of illness
-Generating hypotheses and stimulating research
-Evaluating prevention and control measures
-Facilitating planning for program activities
-Detecting outbreaks

Question 9

active immunity

Answer 9

-someone has disease or is vaccinated with dead or weakened form of the disease organism
-if immune person comes in contact with disease they will produce the antibodies to fight disease
-life long

Question 10

passive immunity

Answer 10

-someone given the antibodies to a disease rather than producing their own immune system
-works immediately but doesnt last long

Question 11

herd immunity

Answer 11

-type of passive immunity that occurs when a large portion of the community has immunity of the disease so it decreases the susceptibility to those who are not vaccinated or haven’t had the disease

Question 12

secondary prevention

Answer 12

-planned effort to minimize the impact or injury of a disease during the early or pathogenic period
-includes screening

Question 13

considerations to screen effectively

Answer 13

-must be cost-effective
-easy to use
-available to large groups at risk
-sensitive and specific to identify true positives and negatives
-backed by health care infrastructure that can implement programs of care for people who have a verified risk of disease of physical challenge

Question 14

mass screening

Answer 14

-applied to entire population
-ex: blood lead level screening, pap smears, phenylketonuria of newborns, glucose, cholesterol

Question 15

selective screening

Answer 15

-for specific high-risk populations
-ex: mammographies, tb test, occupational disease, exposure to radiation, blood occult

Question 16

multiphasic screening

Answer 16

-variety of screening tests applied to the same population on the same occasion, data can be used for establishing baseline data in healthcare facility and for risk factor appraisal
-ex: periodic surveillance of drug therapy, monitoring the stage of an illness, case finding, monitoring health of individuals in a case load

Question 17

sensitivity

Answer 17

-testing correctly to identify persons who have the disease/physical challenge
-high sensitivity: true positive (have disease and test positive)
-low sensitivity: false negative (have disease but test negative [normal])

Question 18

specificity

Answer 18

-testing to identify people who dont have disease
-high specificity: true negative (dont have disease and test negative)
-low specificity: false positive (dont have disease but test positive [abnormal])

Question 19

tertiary prevention

Answer 19

-long term mgmt and tx of clients with chronic conditions during late pathogenic period
-effort to maintain quality of life and prevent further deterioration
-includes rehab and palliative care
-therapies used: monitored exercise, stress mgmt, yoga/meditation, nutrition counseling, smoking cessation, weight mgmt, stress test

Question 20

health literacy

Answer 20

-degree to which someone has the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate decisions

Question 21

those at risk for low health literacy

Answer 21

->65yo
-limited education or low income
-ESL
-racial and ethnic minorities
-refugees and minorities
-adults with disabilities, difficulty, or illness