Health Promotion Flashcards
define health protection
keep population healthy to stop them getting ill
define health promotion
encouraging good habits to ensure good health
what are health topics for NHS scotland
- Diet and obesity
- Alcohol
- Physical activity
- Gender based violence
- Mental health and well being
- Smoking
- Suicide
- Dementia
- Screening
- Drugs
- Immunisation
- Sexual health
what are the main life stages where health care work is mainly focused
- Early years
- Young people
- Adults in later life
- Adults in work
what are the different settings for health promotion
- Schools
- Workplace
- Community
- Primary care ○ Not just about a sickness service, should promote health
- Hospitals
- Prisons ○ Very high rate of smoking in both staff and inmates ○ Complex setting - people dealing with this are very experienced as this can be challenging
what is the first phase of health promotion planning
an assessment of what a client or population group needs to enable them to become more healthy
what is involved in putting together background information
- Epidemiology
○ Levels of evidence of disease - What is currently available
- What the group would benefit from
- Information from literature searches, local reports, ‘grey literature’
○ Lots of evidence in published papers
○ Grey literature are things like reports and PhDs that are not usually included / found in peer review literature but can still be helpful
what are the 7 steps in a planning framework model
- identify needs and priorities
- set aims and objectives
- decide best ways to achieve the aims
- identify resources
- plan evaluation methods
- set an action plan
- action - implement your plan including your evaluation
list things involved in identifying needs and priorities
- public aware
- professional awareness and attitude
- working with manufacturers
- lobby government
- work with health professionals
what are aims
broad goals
what are objectives
specific goals
define what participants achieve at end of intervention
what are education objectives
○ Knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
○ Affective: change in attitudes / beliefs
○ Behaviours: acquisition of new skills / competencies
what is the guide to setting useful objectives
SMART
• Specific - precise
• Measurable - easily assessed
○ If setting something you should be able to measure it
○ See where you were and see where you are now
• Appropriate - needs of individual / group
• Realistic - achievable yet challenging
○ Not something that is too easy but also not something that is impossible
• Time-related - timescale to assess changes
○ Need a time frame
What are the different methods for achieving an objective
- community development
- mass media
- professional development
- social media
what resources need to be identified
- funding
- people’s skills and expertise
- materials
- overheads
- staff
- facilities
need to make best use of the money
what are the 3 different types of evaluations
- Process
- Impact
- Outcome
what is involved in setting an action plan
Identify tasks, person responsible for task
○ Thinking about what you are going to do
○ Need stuff designed and this takes times
○ Need to work with people and this needs factored into the timescale
- Resources to be used
- Timescale / timeline
- Means of evaluation
what does evaluation need to do
assess results, determine whether objectives have been met, and find out if methods used were appropriate and efficient
ask
- did it work
- was it worth it
- look at objectives ~ did you achieve what you said you would
what are the 3 E’s of evaluation
• Efficiency
○ To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect
○ Was it an efficient way?
• Effectiveness
○ To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile
• Economy
○ To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time / money and labour were well spent
○ Did you spend the money well?
○ Was the time and labour appropriate?
what is process evaluation
- Aims to be practical
- Addresses process of programme implementation / dissemination
- Participants’ perceptions / reactions
- ‘soft’ data often collected, interviews, observations etc
- Tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure
- Always speak to your audience / participants for their thoughts
what is impact evaluation
- Refers to immediate effects, often done at the end of a programme
- Use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour / increase in knowledge
- ‘hard’ data collected
- Often done as easier to do
- More short term
what is outcome evaluation
- Involves the assessment of longer term effects
- More difficult to do
- Looks at changes in behaviour a year later
- Reduction in disease etc
- More costly
- Preferred method but more difficult to do
- Better quality
- A strength of Childsmile is that it shows the reduction in oral disease
what research methods are used in evaluation
- Semi-structured interviews
- Observation
- Focus groups
- Self-response surveys
- Interview based surveys • Telephone interviews
Use of both qualitative / quantitative useful
define mass media
any printed or audio-visual material designed to reach a mass audience
This includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, exhibition displays, posters and leaflets
