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BDS2 - PMHP > Health Promotion > Flashcards

Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

define health protection

A

keep population healthy to stop them getting ill

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2
Q

define health promotion

A

encouraging good habits to ensure good health

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3
Q

what are health topics for NHS scotland

A
  • Diet and obesity
  • Alcohol
  • Physical activity
  • Gender based violence
  • Mental health and well being
  • Smoking
  • Suicide
  • Dementia
  • Screening
  • Drugs
  • Immunisation
  • Sexual health
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4
Q

what are the main life stages where health care work is mainly focused

A
  • Early years
  • Young people
  • Adults in later life
  • Adults in work
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5
Q

what are the different settings for health promotion

A
  • Schools
  • Workplace
  • Community
  • Primary care ○ Not just about a sickness service, should promote health
  • Hospitals
  • Prisons ○ Very high rate of smoking in both staff and inmates ○ Complex setting - people dealing with this are very experienced as this can be challenging
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6
Q

what is the first phase of health promotion planning

A

an assessment of what a client or population group needs to enable them to become more healthy

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7
Q

what is involved in putting together background information

A
  • Epidemiology
    ○ Levels of evidence of disease
  • What is currently available
  • What the group would benefit from
  • Information from literature searches, local reports, ‘grey literature’
    ○ Lots of evidence in published papers
    ○ Grey literature are things like reports and PhDs that are not usually included / found in peer review literature but can still be helpful
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8
Q

what are the 7 steps in a planning framework model

A
  1. identify needs and priorities
  2. set aims and objectives
  3. decide best ways to achieve the aims
  4. identify resources
  5. plan evaluation methods
  6. set an action plan
  7. action - implement your plan including your evaluation
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9
Q

list things involved in identifying needs and priorities

A
  • public aware
  • professional awareness and attitude
  • working with manufacturers
  • lobby government
  • work with health professionals
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10
Q

what are aims

A

broad goals

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11
Q

what are objectives

A

specific goals

define what participants achieve at end of intervention

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12
Q

what are education objectives

A

○ Knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
○ Affective: change in attitudes / beliefs
○ Behaviours: acquisition of new skills / competencies

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13
Q

what is the guide to setting useful objectives

A

SMART

• Specific - precise
• Measurable - easily assessed
○ If setting something you should be able to measure it
○ See where you were and see where you are now
• Appropriate - needs of individual / group
• Realistic - achievable yet challenging
○ Not something that is too easy but also not something that is impossible
• Time-related - timescale to assess changes
○ Need a time frame

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14
Q

What are the different methods for achieving an objective

A
  • community development
  • mass media
  • professional development
  • social media
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15
Q

what resources need to be identified

A
  • funding
  • people’s skills and expertise
  • materials
  • overheads
  • staff
  • facilities

need to make best use of the money

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16
Q

what are the 3 different types of evaluations

A
  • Process
  • Impact
  • Outcome
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17
Q

what is involved in setting an action plan

A

Identify tasks, person responsible for task
○ Thinking about what you are going to do
○ Need stuff designed and this takes times
○ Need to work with people and this needs factored into the timescale

  • Resources to be used
  • Timescale / timeline
  • Means of evaluation
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18
Q

what does evaluation need to do

A

assess results, determine whether objectives have been met, and find out if methods used were appropriate and efficient

ask

  • did it work
  • was it worth it
  • look at objectives ~ did you achieve what you said you would
19
Q

what are the 3 E’s of evaluation

A

• Efficiency
○ To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect
○ Was it an efficient way?

• Effectiveness
○ To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile

• Economy
○ To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time / money and labour were well spent
○ Did you spend the money well?
○ Was the time and labour appropriate?

20
Q

what is process evaluation

A
  • Aims to be practical
  • Addresses process of programme implementation / dissemination
  • Participants’ perceptions / reactions
  • ‘soft’ data often collected, interviews, observations etc
  • Tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure
  • Always speak to your audience / participants for their thoughts
21
Q

what is impact evaluation

A
  • Refers to immediate effects, often done at the end of a programme
  • Use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour / increase in knowledge
  • ‘hard’ data collected
  • Often done as easier to do
  • More short term
22
Q

what is outcome evaluation

A
  • Involves the assessment of longer term effects
  • More difficult to do
  • Looks at changes in behaviour a year later
  • Reduction in disease etc
  • More costly
  • Preferred method but more difficult to do
  • Better quality
  • A strength of Childsmile is that it shows the reduction in oral disease
23
Q

what research methods are used in evaluation

A
  • Semi-structured interviews
  • Observation
  • Focus groups
  • Self-response surveys
  • Interview based surveys • Telephone interviews

Use of both qualitative / quantitative useful

24
Q

define mass media

A

any printed or audio-visual material designed to reach a mass audience
This includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, exhibition displays, posters and leaflets

25
Q

what are the advantages of using mass media for health promotion

A
  • Raise consciousness, place health on the public agenda
  • Convey simple information
  • More effective if it is part of an integrated campaign including elements such as one-to-one advice
  • Information is ‘new’ and is seen to be relevant for the viewer
26
Q

what can mass media not do in health promotion

A
  • Convey complex / detailed information
  • Teach skills
  • Shift people’s attitudes, beliefs
  • Message will be ignored if challenges basic belief
  • Change behaviour in the absence of other enabling factors
27
Q

what are the advantages of social media in health promotion

A

Fast moving field, enormous potential

attracts younger, better educated, more in Europe than US

28
Q

what are the problems with social media in health promotion

A

disinformation is taken to a whole different level

29
Q

what is a key issue in current oral health promotion

A

to address inequalities

30
Q

name campaigns in oral health promotion

A
  • National smile month (may-ish)
  • No smoking day / NSD (march)
  • Oral cancer action (November)
31
Q

what is childsmile

A

A national programme designed to improve the oral health in children in Scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services

32
Q

what are the main components of childsmile

A
  • Childsmile core
  • Childsmile nursery and school
  • Childsmile practice
33
Q

what is involved in childsmile core

A

• National toothbrushing programme commenced - 2000/01
• Every child receives toothbrushes and toothpaste for home use to the age of 5
• 3 and 4 year olds attending nursery
○ Free, daily, supervised toothbrushing to national standard
○ Also available to at least 20% P1 and P2 children in most deprived areas

34
Q

what is involved in childsmile nursery and school

A
  • 20% most deprived nursery and P1-P4 populations are targeted for fluoride varnish application
  • Fluoride varnish applied 6 monthly by dental nurses in education setting
  • Follow up of children who are not regular attenders
35
Q

what is the role of primary care dentists in childsmile

A

• Toothbrushing
○ Demonstrate and observe hands-on brushing instruction

• Dietary advice
○ Provide advice and reinforce nutritional messages
○ Signpost to community development activity
○ Action plan

• Fluoride varnish
○ For children from 2 years, apply varnish 2 times per year

36
Q

what is included in the my holiday logic model by wendy gnich

A
  • Input
  • Activities
  • Outputs
  • Short term outcomes
  • Long term outcomes [start from the end which is here and work back to the inputs]
37
Q

what is the logic behind the my holiday logic model by wendy gnich

A
  • Planning and evaluation
  • What was your last holiday or are you planning your next?
  • How would you plan your holiday? (next)
  • Did you enjoy it? (last)
38
Q

what framework does childsmile use as part of its evaluation

A

my holiday model

39
Q

does childsmile work?

A

• Detailed evaluation of complex intervention - ongoing
○ Registration with dentist
○ Oral health of 5 year olds
○ Hospital admissions for GA tooth extractions
○ Delivery of projects such as assessment of fluoride varnish
○ Use of personnel such as dental health support worker

40
Q

what is caring for smile

A

campaign for Better oral health for dependent oral people

41
Q

who does caring for smiles work with and what does.it include

A

Works with:

- Families
- Care homes
- Carers

Includes:

- Training 
- Resources
42
Q

what is the point of mouth cancer action month in November

A
  • Raise awareness
  • Patient support / advocacy
  • Public awareness
  • Research
43
Q

what is the point of national smile month (mid may to mid june)

A
  • gives public awareness
  • gives information
  • includes teaching on
    • Brush your teeth last thing at night and on at least one other occasion with a fluoride toothpaste
    • Cut down on how often you have sugary foods and drinks
    • Visit your dentist regularly, as often as they recommend
44
Q

what are the 5 key areas for action from the ottawa charter

A
  • Building healthy public policy
  • Creating supportive environments
  • Strengthening community action
  • Developing personal skills
  • Reorienting health services

BDS2 - PMHP (11 decks)

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