Health Physics I: Unit 2 Review

Question 1

As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases, the number of electron–ion pairs produced:

Answer 1

increases

Question 2

Units that specify dose area product (DAP)

Answer 2

mGy-cm2

Question 3

Types of ionizing radiation that produce virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses

Answer 3

X-rays; beta particles; gamma rays

Question 4

Theory that relates to the ionization produced in a small cavity within an irradiated medium or object to the energy absorbed in that medium as a result of its radiation exposure

Answer 4

Bragg-Gray

Question 5

Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR) that is numerically equal to

Answer 5

20

Question 6

First American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October of 1904

Answer 6

Clarence Madison Dally

Question 7

An energy absorption of 1 J/kg of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following

Answer 7

1 Gy

Question 8

Formula used to calculate effective dose

Answer 8

EfD = D × WR × WT

Question 9

1 gray equals

Answer 9

100 cGy (centigray)

Question 10

Beta particles are:

Answer 10

Protons

Question 11

The sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s body surface:

Answer 11

Dose area product

Question 12

Radiation quantities that may be defined as the measure of the total electric charge of one sign, either all pluses or all minuses, per unit mass that these two types of radiation generate in dry air at standard temperature and pressure (760 mm Hg or 1 atmosphere at sea level and 22° C)

Answer 12

Exposure

Question 13

Physicians cancer deaths attributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as what year?

Answer 13

1910

Question 14

The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is

Answer 14

Air kerma

Question 15

Early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation that were experienced by early radiation workers

Answer 15

Diffuse redness of skin
Blood disorders
Intestinal disorders

Question 16

SI unit of electric current

Answer 16

Ampere

Question 17

What do radiation weighting factors primarily take into consideration?

Answer 17

Some types of radiation are more efficient at causing biologic damage than other types of radiation for a given dose

Question 18

Cataract formation, fibrosis, reduced fertility and sterility are classified as

Answer 18

Late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation

Question 19

Discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895

Answer 19

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 20

Whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is __ and __ for the general public

Answer 20

0. 05 Sv

0. 001 Sv

Question 21

If 200 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv, what is the collective effective dose

Answer 21

50 person-Sv

Question 22

0.1 Gy equals

Answer 22

100 mGy

Question 23

Instrument that can be calibrated to read air kerma

Answer 23

Ionization chamber

Question 24

SI units used to specify absorbed dose

Answer 24

Gray or centigray

Question 25

The front of the white paper packet may be color coded to facilitate correct usage and placement of the dosimeter on the body of occupationally exposed personnel in what type of dosimeter?

Answer 25

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter

Question 26

physicists use ionization chambers connected to electrometers to perform the annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices. These annual measurements could include:

Answer 26

X-ray output in Gy or mGy
Fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min
kVp setting accuracy
Exposure time exactness
Half-value layers, or beam quality

Question 27

Maximum period of time that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) may be worn as a personnel device

Answer 27

3 months

Question 28

Whenever the letter “M” appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies:

Answer 28

Equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded

Question 29

The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter is “read out” by:

Answer 29

A laser light

Question 30

Personal monitoring device that contains an aluminum oxide detector

Answer 30

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

Question 31

Because of the OSL dosimeter’s sensitivity down to as low as 10 μSv for x-ray and gamma ray photons in the energy range 5 keV to 40 MeV, it is an excellent and practical monitoring device for:

Answer 31

Employees working in low-radiation environments

Pregnant workers

Question 32

An ionization chamber connected to an electrometer is a device that can measure:

Answer 32

Small electric currents with high precision and accuracy

Question 33

Advantages of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter:

Answer 33

Can be used for up to 1 year
Light weight, durable, and easy to carry
Contains integrated, self-contained, preloaded packet

Question 34

Disadvantages of using pocket ionization chambers as personnel dosimeters:

Answer 34

They can discharge if they are subjected to mechanical shock
Health care facilities that use this method to record personnel exposure must delegate someone to keep such a record
The dosimeter may give an inaccurate reading because the electric charge tends to escape

Question 35

Occurs when the sensing crystals contained in the thermoluminescent dosimeter are irradiated.

Answer 35

Electrons in the crystalline lattice structure absorb Energy and are excited to higher energy levels or bands

Question 36

Component(s) of the Geiger-Muller survey meter that alert the operator to the presence of ionizing radiation:

Answer 36

Audio amplifier

Speaker

Question 37

Personnel dosimeter that resembles an ordinary fountain pen externally.

Answer 37

Pocket ionization chamber

Question 38

Personnel monitoring devices can be used to provide an immediate exposure readout for a radiation worker:

Answer 38

Personnel digital ionization dosimeter

Pocket ionization chamber

Question 39

Filters incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter are made of:

Answer 39

Aluminum
Tin
Copper

Question 40

Radiation survey instruments must do the following:

Answer 40

Detect all common types of ionizing radiation
Be calibrated annually to ensure accurate operation
Interact with ionizing radiation similarly to the way human tissue reacts

Question 41

Advantages of the personnel digital ionization dosimeter:

Answer 41

Instant access to reports
No waiting time for mailing dosimeters
Lightweight and durable
Can be dropped or scratched with little chance of harm to the device

Question 42

Cutie pie

Answer 42

Ionization chamber-type survey meter

Question 43

What do optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters, thermoluminescent dosimeters, pocket ionization chambers, and digital ionization dosimeters have in common?

Answer 43

The devices are all used for personnel monitoring

Question 44

Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter:

Answer 44

Aluminum
Copper
Tin

Question 45

Disadvantage of the optically stimulated dosimeter:

Answer 45

Exposure not determinable on the day of occurrence

Question 46

An instrument that generally has a check source of a weak, long-lived radioisotope located on one side of its external surface to verify its constancy daily:

Answer 46

Geiger-Muller survey meter