Health Management Flashcards
What are the 8 parts of a health management plan?
- Sound nutritional regime.
- Continuous personnel training.
- Known source/health status of livestock.
- Sound sanitation and biosecurity.
- Excellent record keeping w/ monitoring and evaluation.
- Functional, well maintained facilities.
- Relationship with veterinarian.
- Preventative vaccination care.
How does nutrition contribute to health?
If an animal is malnourished, their ability to resist or fight disease is compromised.
What 4 minerals enhance the immune system?
- Chromium.
- Copper.
- Selenium.
- Zinc.
Why is continuous personnel training important?
- Health information and products are constantly changing.
- Producers and employees need to know the limitations in caring for, evaluating, and treating sick animals.
What is the rectal temperature of a normal cow?
101.5 F/38.5 C.
What is the heartrate of a normal cow?
60-70 beats per minute.
What is the respiratory rate?
30 breaths per minute.
What is biosecurity?
A program or set of programs that prevents the introduction of pathogens into a population (of animals) where the disease does not exist.
What are the 3 levels of biosecurity and who is associated with each?
- National: USDA APHIS.
- State: State Department of Agriculture.
- Herd: Producer.
Why is biosecurity implemented?
- Diseases reduce reproductive and production efficiency.
- Diseases can cause morbidity and mortality.
- Disease limit marketing options. ex: BSE and beef sales to Japan.
What are some pathogens of concern when it comes to cattle biosecurity?
- Anaplasma marginale.
- Bluetongue Virus (BTV).
- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV).
- Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV).
- Brucellosis.
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR).
- Fungal infection.
- Genetic disease.
- Johne’s.
- Moraxella bovis (pinkeye).
- Mycobacterium bovis (TB).
- Parasites (coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, lice).
- Salmonella spp.
- Vesicular stomatitis.
What is the primary source of pathogen introduction into a herd of cattle?
Herd additions, including semen and embryos.
What are other pathogen sources?
- Feed concentrates (Salmonella).
- Fence line contact, shows, fairs, stray animals.
- Forages (Clostridial infections, Salmonella).
- Human visitors.
- Ticks and blood-sucking insects.
- Transport vehicles (livestock, feed, rendering trucks).
- Pets (Neospora caninum in dog feces)
- Water (Salmonella, E.coli, cryptosporidium).
- Wildlife (Brucellosis, E.coli, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis).
What are the 6 levels of herd openness?
- Closed herd (Specific pathogen free (SPF)).
- No entry or reentry of animals.
- No entry of new animals, reentry allowed.
- Entry of new animals, known medical records, isolation.
- Entry of new animals, known medical records, no isolation.
- Entry of new animals, no medical records, no isolation.
What are on-farm methods for maintaining sanitation and biosecurity?
- A designated sick pen, and treat and feed sick cattle last if possible.
- Have a working client/patient/veterinarian relationship.
- Maintain clean pens and water.
- Minimize dust and mud.
- Obtain accurate diagnosis of sick and dead cattle.
- Properly dispose of all dead animals.
What questions should be asked when purchasing healthy animals?
- What have the animals been vaccinated for?
- When, and with what product, were animals last dewormed?
- What external parasite control has been used?
- Have animals been tested for ___?
- Is the herd health program for the animal I am purchasing equal to or superior to my herd health program?
Wat steps should be taken when quarantining an animal?
- House them separately.
- Feed them last.
- Have no shared equipment.
- Deworm and vaccinate if necessary.
When should animals be quarantined?
- When returning from a show.
- When first bought.
What must all equipment used in shows undergo?
Disinfection after the show.
What records must be kept on animals?
- Animal treatments and dates.
- Name, date, manufacture, and lot number of medications and vaccines.
- Purchase history.
- Feed, hay, animal health product sources.
- Pasture grouping and contacts.
What are the criteria should a beef cattle producer keep in mind when choosing a veterinarian?
- The veterinarian should be knowledgeable about beef cattle.
- Can assist in the treatment of animals.
- Can assist in the development of a herd health plan.
- Can prescribe drugs or assign veterinary feed directives.
- Serves as a liaison in utilizing specialists and diagnostic labs.
What vaccinations are given pre-breeding?
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR).
- Parainfluenza Type 3 (PI3).
- Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV).
- Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD).
- Leptospirosis/Vibriosis.
When is the best time to give a BVD vaccine?
During a time of no or little stress.
Which version of the BVD vaccine gets a better response?
The modified live version, but this version is not safe for pregnant cows.
