Health management Flashcards
Heat, like many other methods of disinfection, is not effective in the presence of ___ material?
organic
Of all the possible breakdowns in biosecurity, the ___ and ___ pose the greatest risk to bird health
introduction of new birds & traffic
control of Coccidiosis is normally maintained in chickens b use of ___.
feed addiction
What are the two types of fowl cholera vaccines?
live attenuated and activated bacterins
Chicks that are age ___ to ___ are the most susceptible to Marek’s disease
2-16 weeks
Which of the following is NOT an example of the “keep it clean” biosecurity step?
clean and disinfect car & truck tires
The class of disinfectant that are effective against bacteria, bacterial spores, viruses, and fungi is called _____
oxidizing agents
What is the most common cause for rickets?
vitamin D3 deficiency
Chicks with ___ may fail to develop immunity of other diseases when vaccinated.
infectious Bursal
When dealing with biosecurity, new birds brought to the farm should be kept separated from the flock for at least ____
30 days
The __ is an agency he Public Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services and is charged with protecting consumers by enforcing public health laws
FDA
Scrubbing poultry houses and equipment with ___ is effective if surfaces are thoroughly scrubbed.
soap and hot water
there is no effective commercial vaccine against ____
canary pox
The major mode of transmission for blackhead is ___
consuming cecal worms
Which of the following are exaples of indirect transmission of disease?
vehicle borne & vector borne
Infectious Bronchitis live vaccines are often given every ___ to ___ days during production.
50-60
The class of disinfectant that are effective against bacteria and many viruses are called ___. They are effective only on clean surfaces and are much more active in warm water than cold water.
hypochlorites
A ___ is an organism in which a parasite lives and b which it is nourished
parasite host
The ___ disease is an acute bacterial respiratory disease of chickens characterized b facial edema, inflammation of infraorbital sinuses, and occasionally conjunctivitis with seeping from the eyes. a fowl odor may be present in infectious flocks
infectious coryza
____ addresses the disinfection of materials, people, and equipment entering the farm and the cleanliness of the personnel on the farm.
sanitation
when the inactivated infectious Bronchitis vaccine is used, it is routinely given at approximately ___ weeks of age.
18
The fowl pox virus is spread from bird to bird by ___.
blood sucking insects
vaccination through the ___ is the most common vaccination method used in poultry house.
water
The best way to treat an outbreak of HPAI is ____.
eradication
The infectious Laryngotracheitis vaccine is administered by the __ or __ method
eye or nose
Susceptible birds will begin to show clinical signs approximately ___ to ___ days following exposure to infectious Bronchitis virus
4-5
The class of disinfectant that are effective against some microorganisms are called ___. Examples include sunlight, heat, cold, and air.
natural agents
The __ causes yellow cheesy lesions to form in the mouth and windpipe
wet form fowl pox
The avian influenza virus is inactivated by ___
heat and dying
____ are more susceptible to blackhead than ___
turkeys; chickens
The clinical signs of ___ are severe listlessness, sudden high mortality, swollen dark combs and wattles, and subcutaneous hemorrhage of the shanks.
HPAI
The __ disease with the major gross symptomos of slight respiratory stress, lower productivity, and swollen sinuses in turkeys
mycoplasmosis
Which of the following is NOT a major component of biosecurity?
aerosols
the major mode of transmission for epidemic tremors is ___.
egg transmission
The LPAI avian influenza naturally occurs in ___ birds
wild
the major mode of transmission for Botulism is ___
consuming decaying matter
The ___ is at the federal level, and is a segment of the USDA located in Ames, IA serving at the national veterinary diagnostic and confirmatory laboratory. This is the only avian influenza reference lab in the US recognized b the World organization for Animal Health.
egg transmission
When dealing with biosecurity, birds that have been to a fair or exhibition should be kept separated from the rest of the flock for at least ___ after the event
2 weeks
___ are non-cellular biological entities that can reproduce only within a host cell
viruses
A type of indirect disease transmission that involves and inanimate object becoming contaminated with the infectious agent and contracts the new host’s body is called ___.
vehicle borne
Which of the following is NOT affected by Infectious Laryngotracheitis?
turkeys
A ___ can be any living creature that carries and transmits an infectious agent.
vector
Chickens are usually vaccinated for the Fowl Pox disease by the ___ method
wing web stick
A combination Newcastle-Infectious bronchitis live vaccines can be given at ___ to ___ days.
10-35
The life cycle of coccidia takes ___ to ___ days for completion
4-7
avian Influenza viruses are classified into ___ and ___ pathogenic forms
high and low
The most common type of avian influenza is the ___
LPAI
The ___ is the passage of antibodies from the hen to the chick by way of the egg yolk
passive immunity
The ___ disease has the major gross symptoms of paralysis and trembling
epidemic tremors
The ___ category for disease includes Coccidiosis and blackhead
protozoan
The infectious Bronchitis Virus spreads rapidly through a flock of birds by __
inhalation
The infectious Laryngotreacheitis vaccine requires ___ approval prior to administering
state
The ___ is a cooperative effort between two USDA agencies and the American Association of veterinary laboratory Diagnosticians and is a multifaceted network comprised of sets of labs that focus on different animal diseases using common testing methods and software platforms and share information.
HAHLN
The ___ disease has the major gross symptoms of vent pasting in young chicks and poults
pullorum
What type of testing is used to determine its presence and the subtype and pathogenicity
serological
Which of the following is NOT an example of “Don’t haul disease home” biosecurity step?
do not share garden tools with neighbors
An inanimate object or material is called a ___.
fomite
The ___ disease is characterized by rapid spread, sneezing, and gasping. there may be expectoration of blood-strained mucus, which may be observed on the wing or breast feathers. A bloody or cheesy plug may be found in the trachea.
Infectiouis Laryngotracheitis
When touring multiple locations and units within a poultry production complex, visitors are usually directed to visit the ___ component first.
breeder farms
Many operations require individuals who travel from one farm to another to allow ___ to ___ hours between visits to another farm
48-72
Which of the following is NOT a reason small flock owners should vaccinate their flock?
hatching own chicks
__ refers to a group of very small bacteria that lack a cell wall which allows them to be unaffected by common antibiotics
mycoplasma
It has been demonstrated that the ___ can be a reservoir of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus
darkling beetle
An example of a low risk for disease transmission location is the __.
processing plant
The __ disease has the major gross symptoms of lower productivity and inflamed intestines
necrotic enteritis
The most successful poultry vaccines are against ___ diseases
viral
The ___ disease has the major gross symptoms of weakness, paralysis, and limp neck muscles
Botulism
Which of the following is NOT an example of “Don’t Borrow from your Neighbor” biosecurity step?
properly dispose of dead birds
the __ disease is a viral infection that shows the clinical signs of deterioration of muscle coordination primarily affecting the legs and the bird’s ability to stand and walk
avian encephalomyelitis
A ___ is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host.
parasite
the goal of a vaccination program is to produce high ___ or the measurement of blood antibody levels.
blood titers
the ___ disease shows clinical signs that include cyanosis, swollen wattles, swollen leg or wing joints, swollen sinuses, or swollen sternal bursae. they may also have torticollis, cheesy plugs and respiratory distress
fowl cholera
the major mode of transmission for aspergillosis is ___
contaminated feed
a rule of thumb to consider when dealing with biosecurity is to always consider the farm you are going to as ___ and you and the farm you have left as ___.
clean; dirty
certain strains of ___ are more resistant to leukosis than are others
chickens
The __ disease has the major gross symptoms of swollen hocks and foot pads and breast blisters
infectious synovitis
A __ compound in solution is especially effective in spray or brush applications an din footbaths lacted at the entrance to pens or houses
creosol
The infectious Coryza bacteria spreads through __ by nasal discharges from infected birds
drinking water
The __ disease is often referred to as Gumboro disease
Infectious Bursal disease
__ refers to precautions taken to minimize the risk of introducing an infectious disease into an animal population
biosecurity
the two recognized reservoirs of avian influenza are ___ and ___
live bird market and wild waterfowl
the ___ disease has the major gross symptoms of respiratory stress and cheesy eyes
aspergillosis
marek’s disease is a disease in chickens that is caused by the ___
herpes virus
The ___ causes yellow wart lesions on the fleshy head regions
dry form fowl pox
___ refers to the confinement of animals within a controlled environment
isolation
The __ disease has the major gross symptoms of enlarged internal organs and weigh loss
leukosis
If avian influenza is found, the state veterinarian is required to report to it to ___
National veterinarian in IA
Most leg disorders are not treatable with the exception of adding ___ to the water to treat rickets
vitamin D3
Infectious Bursal Disease virus has a preference for lymphoid tissue, primarily the ___
Bursa
the major mode of transmissions for leukosis is ___
bird to bird
Vaccinate chickens for Laryngotracheitis after ___ weeks of age
4
The leg disorder __ is caused by a lack of mineralization of the bone resulting from a deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, or Vitamin D3
rickets
Birds should be at least ___ weeks old when vaccinated for infectious laryngotracheitis
4
The ___ is an agency within the USDA that monitors and investigates food borne disease outbreaks and compiles baseline data against which to measure the success of changes in food safety programs.
CDC
Infectious laryngotracheitis is caused by a ___
herpes virus
there are ___ species of coccidia that affects chickens and ___ species that are considered pathogenic to turkeys
9 and 3
___ are microscopic, single-celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic in nature
protozoa
The primary immune response after a vaccine is given requires ___ days before detectable antibodies are present
14
The ___ is a voluntary cooperative federal, state, and industry program designed to prevent the spread of poultry diseases in commercial poultry operations
HPIP
The ___ disease is an acute, rapidly–spreading, contagious viral disease of birds of all ages characterized by lesions in the respiratory tract, visceral organs, and brain, causing minor to severe mortality in susceptible flocks
Newcastle disease
Frequently, the infectious Bronchitis vaccine is administered in combination with the __ vaccine
Newcastle
The ___ is effective against a wide spectrum of organisms and is a combination of iodine and an organic stabilizing agent
iodophore
Fowl Cholera is caused by a bacterium called ___
Pasteurella multocida
the clinical signs of ___ includes grey eye, enlarged feather follicles, limb or neck paralysis, and formation of visceral tumors.
marek’s disease
In large poultry operations, ___ management styles allow complete depopulation of facilities between flocks and allow time for periodic clean-up and disinfection to break cycle of disease
all in/ all out
When dealing with biosecurity, the poultry building is __ and the areas around the building are ____
clean; dirty
The Marek’s vaccine is administered subcutaneously at ___
back to the neck
The major mode of transmission for bumble foot is ___
contaminated litter
The __ category of diseases has mycotoxicosis, Botulism, bumble foot, and water deprivation
miscellaneous
Which of the following is NOT a cause for leg disorders?
protozoa
Breeder chickens are vaccinated for avian encephalomyelitis at the age of ___ to ___ weeks old
10-16
if a disease positive farm must be visited, it should be done ___
at the end of the day/ week
The major mode of transmission for mycoplasmosis is ___
egg transmission
How soon after a vaccine is given to an already vaccinated chick can antibodies be detected?
3 days
The __ leg disorder is a mass of cartilage at the end of the leg bones and is caused by genetics, nutritional, and environment
tibial dyshondraplasia
When touring multiple locations and units within a poultry production complex, visitors are usually directed to visit components of the operation in the following order :
breeder farms, hatchery, grow-out farms, processing plant
The live attenuated fowl cholera vaccines is administered through ___
drinking water
When touring multiple locations and units within a poultry production complex, visitors are directed to visit the ___ components last.
processing plant
Coccidiosis is caused b the multiplication of single celled animals called ___ that live primarily in the digestive tract
protozoa
the term, __, means living outside the body and can broadly include blood sucking arthropods such as mosquitoes and also includes ticks, fleas, lice, and mites
ectoparasite
the major mode of transmission for Mycotoxicosis is ____
consuming moldy feed
Vaccinate chickens after __ weeks of age for Fowl Pox
6
The diseases classified in the ___ category include pulorum, cholera, mycoplasmosis, infectious coryza, staphylococcal arthritis, aspergillosis, infectious synovitis, and necrotic enteritis
bacterial
Which of the following is NOT a nutrition related leg disorders condition ?
arthritis
during __ transmission, infective agents are spread as aerosols, and usually enter an animal through the respiratory tract
airborne
The __ is an agency within the FDA that is responsible for assuring that all animal drugs, feeds, and veterinary devices are safe for animals, property labeled, and produce no human health hazards when used in food-producing animals
CVM
the ___ disease is characterized by high mortality, anorexia, diarrhea, and depression
infectious Bursal
Inflammation of the intestine is called ____
enteritis
The class of disinfectants that are effective against bacteria, fungi, and many viruses are called ___. they are commonly used to disinfect equipment, walls, and water
quarternary ammonium
A __ based compound, such as hypochlorite, is most effective on clean surfaces
chlorine
An example of a high risk disease transmission locations is the ____
breeder farm
The __ disease has the major gross symptoms of droopiness, darkening of the head, and diarrhea
blackhead
Signs of ___ leg disorder includes swelling of the hock joint, slipped tendons, and severe shortening of the long bones
perosis
___ is the bluish discoloration of the head, comb, and wattles
cyanosis
The marek’s vaccine is given to chicks at ___ of age
1 day
transmission of protozoa that live in poultry intestines to another animal typically occurs through __ route
fecal-oral
A type of indirect transmissions that involves any living creature carrying and transmitting a disease to another living creature is called ___
vector borne
A quarternary ___ compound is especially effective as a water sanitizing agent
ammonium
twisting of the neck is called ___
torticollis
the major mode of transmission for necrotic enteritis is ___
oral contract with infected droppings
The major mode or transmission for infectious synovitis is __
egg transmission
It is usually recommended to only vaccinate healthy birds, but there are exceptions, for example flocks can be given the __ vaccine during an outbreak to reduce severity
fowl pox
A ___ may be an animal that harbors a specific infectious agent without visible symptoms of the disease
carrier
Which of the following is NOT an example of direct transmission ?
aerosols
Which of the following is NOT an example of “ Know the Warning Signs of Infectious Bird diseases” biosecurity steps?
dispose of dead birds property
the ___ disease has the major gross symptoms of hot, swollen footpads
bumblefoot
Chicks and poults can be vaccinated for Fowl Pox at the age of ___
1 day
the major mode of transmission for pullorum is ___
egg transmission
Turkeys are usually vaccinated for the Fowl Pox disease by ___ method
thigh stick
two infectious agent that cause leg disorders include ___ and ___
staphylococcus and tenosynovitis
The __ disease is characterized by varying degrees of inflammation in the intestines, decreased production performance, and mortality. signs may also include paleness, ruffled feathers, unthriftiness, and passing of blood droppings
coccidiosis
LPAI ___ and ___ strains have the potential to mutate into HPAI and are closely monitored
H5 and H7
Traffic control includes that __ and ___
traffic onto the farm and traffic patterns
Which of the following is NOT an example of inexpensive disinfectants ?
soap
disinfecting involves two steps: ___ and applying a disinfectants
cleaning
infected birds ma carr and possibly discharge coccidia ___ for months following recovery from the coccidiosis disease
oocyts
The marek’s disease vaccine must be administered at the ____
hatchery
the __ disease is highly acute and contagious viral disease of chickens which primarily affects the respiratory system. It is characterized by rales, coughing, and sneezing
infectious Bronchitis
The ___ rate is the frequency of birds displaying signs and symptoms
morbitiy
The __ rate is the death loss found in a flock
mortality
The ___ category of disease include Newcastle, infectious Bronchitis, laryngotracheitis, Fowl Pox, leukosis, marek’s, and epidemic tremors
viral
the marek’s disease vaccine is administered ___
subcutaneous
The _ disease shows clinical signs of listlessness, coughing, sneezing, rales, swollen sinuses, and diarrhea
LPAI
the type of HPAI that is rapidly spreading in the World is called ___
H5N1
A class of disinfectants that is effective against bacteria and partially effective against fungi and viruses is called ___. This is widely used in hatcheries and are generally odorless, colorless, nonirritating, and deodorizing
quarternary ammonium
When using the drinking water method of vaccination, be sure the water is free of ___ and ___ since the live virus vaccines can be destroyed by these
sanitizers and chlorine
infectious Bronchitis is caused by a ____
coronaviruses
In order to help prevent the spread of poultry disease, it is suggested to only visit___ farm/farms per day
one
Which of the following is NOT an example of someone to contract if you have sick or dying birds?
minister
Which of the following is NOT added to feed to avoid a calcium deficiency in order to prevent rickets?
corn
a class of disinfectant that is effective against bacteria, fungi, and many viruses is called ___. These are commonly used in footbaths and to sanitize hatcheries
phenols
Which of the following is NOT an example of the “Keep your Distance” step of biosecurity ?
clean cages an change food and water daily
What are the two forms of fowl Pox?
wet and dry
Infectious coryza is caused by___
haemophilus paragallinarum
One type of transmission is ___ and involves transferring they infectious agent from one infected host to a susceptible uninfected host
direct
