Health Issues, Addictions, and Substance-Use Issues Flashcards
Biomedical View of Medicine
a medical perspective that emphasizes western scientific principles and defines health as the absence of illness
Well-being
a positive state of existence characterized by happiness, prosperity, and the satisfaction of basic human needs
WHO definition of Health
“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being”
Biopsychosocial View of Health and Illness
health and disease are products of the interaction between body, mind, and environment
Epidemiology
examines the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population
- goal is to prevent disease in a population
Social Determinants of Health
the complex causal relationships between various social, economic, and political factors and population health outcomes
- ie; income, employment, education, housing, access to healthcare
Psychosocial Vital Signs
- financial insecurity
- home insecurity
- social isolation
- chronic stress
Whitehall Studies
showed how inequality can increase the risk of chronic stress
Food Desert
locations where fresh good and vegetables are unavailable at an affordable price
Widow Effect
a rise in the risk of premature mortality among people who have recently lost a husband, wife, or other long-term partner
Morbidity Rate
the extent of disease in a population, reported by incidence and or prevalence, per 1000 population
Incidence
the number of new cases in a population during a given period
Prevalence
the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a particular time
Endemic
constantly present within a population
Epidemic
being a local or national outbreak
Pandemic
an epidemic of international or global proportions
Endogenous Causes
causes genetic in origin or result from a gradual decline of the organism
Excess Deaths
as the number of deaths that occurred in a country in a specific year, minus the number of deaths that occurred in the same period a year earlier
BMI
body mass index
- weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
- overweight= BMI over 25
- obesity= BMI over 30
Structural Functionalism on Health
health is normative and preserved by social institutions
- illness is a form of deviance that threatens the ability of society to function
Conflict Theory on Health
health, health care, and research are affected by inequalities of wealth, status, and power
Symbolic Interactionism
unique meanings are associated with specific diseases and with being labeled as ‘sick’
- cultures vary in what they consider health and sickness
Feminist Theory
gender is an important social determinant of health
- women health often has defined and understood using a male model and male norms
Sick Role
people who are sick take on the role and are shown sympathy, help, and exemption from their normal daily roles
Friedrich Engels
- the condition of the working class in England
- the deplorable conditions of the disadvantaged in Manchester affected the cities death rate
Whitehall Studies
a series of research studies conducted in the mid-20th century aimed to investigate the relationship between social hierarchy and health outcomes
- significance; demonstrated that health inequalities are unfair but preventable; interventions that reduce social inequalities can improve health outcomes
Mental Health
a persons ability to cope with everyday life
Mental Disorder
a condition characterized by changes in thinking, mood, and/or behaviour associated with significant distress and damaged functioning over an extended period
Ableist Culture
a culture that stigmatizes people with health problems and, often, holds them morally responsible for their stigmatizing
Co-morbidity
the susceptibility of an individual with illness to additional health problems
Addiction
socially disapproved behaviour that is uncontrollable, repetitious, and possibly harmful
Substance use issues
term that captures a similar set of symptoms and problems with clarity and without stigma
Structural Functionalism on Drugs
alcohol and drug abuse result from the social structures influence on the individual
- drugs serve a social function
Conflict Theory on Drugs
alcohol and drug use affect different socio-economic groups differently
Symbolic Interactionism on Drugs
social meaning and values associated with drug and alcohol use and the labels attached to people sent hey use these substances are the focus of this approach
