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Health Care systems And Policies > health, health determinants > Flashcards

health, health determinants Flashcards

1
Q

Health (Dictionary Definition)

A
  • Condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit
  • Freedom from disease or pain
  • General condition of the body
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2
Q

Health (IOM Definition)

A
  • State of well-being
  • Capability to function amid changing circumstances
  • Emphasizes social, personal, and physical resources
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3
Q

Health (WHO Definition)

A
  • Complete physical, mental, and social well-being
  • Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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4
Q

Health as a Human Right (WHO)

A
  • Highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right
  • No distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic, or social condition
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5
Q

Health, Security, and Role of Governments

A
  • Health is essential for peace and security
  • Requires cooperation among individuals and states
  • Governments are responsible for providing adequate health and social measures
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6
Q

Determinants of Health

A
  • Environment (20%)
  • Heredity (20%)
  • Access to health services (10%)
  • Personal behaviors and lifestyle (50%)
  • Context shapes these factors
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7
Q

Determinants of Health: Physical Environment

A
  • Natural: air, water, land pollution
  • Built: housing, workplace, transportation, road design, communication systems
  • Affects health directly and indirectly
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8
Q

Example of Physical Environment

A
  • Pollution from industrialization
  • Pollution from public transport
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9
Q

Determinants of Health: Socioeconomic Environment

A
  • Low socioeconomic status: associated with poor sanitation, nutrition, housing, health care access, stress, higher disease burden
  • Poor parental health affects child development
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10
Q

Example of Socioeconomic Environment

A
  • Poor neighborhoods
  • Unemployment
  • Compromised early childhood development from poor parental health
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11
Q

Determinants of Health: Sociopolitical Environment

A
  • Factors like war, military occupation, famine, refugee situations
  • Adversely affects health
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12
Q

Example of Sociopolitical Environment

A
  • Russia-Ukraine war
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13
Q

Determinants of Health: Sociocultural Environment

A
  • Cultural beliefs, traditions, practices affecting health behaviors and access
  • Availability of social support networks
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14
Q

Example of Sociocultural Environment

A
  • Women needing permission to see a doctor
  • Gender roles impacting decision-making
  • Social support networks improving health
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15
Q

Determinants of Health: Genetics and Heredity

A
  • Biological and genetic predispositions to diseases
  • Varies by race/ethnicity
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16
Q

Example of Genetics and Heredity

A
  • Higher risk of diseases in African-Americans
17
Q

Determinants of Health: Personal Behaviors and Lifestyle

A
  • Diet, exercise, smoking, substance use, alcohol, coping skills
  • Overall lifestyle choices including sexual behavior
18
Q

Example of Personal Behaviors and Lifestyle

A
  • Family support
  • Social networks
  • Smoking, alcohol use, diet, exercise
19
Q

Determinants of Health: Access to and Use of Health Services

A
  • Access depends on availability, organization, and payment for services
  • Factors affecting access
20
Q

Example of Access to and Use of Health Services

A
  • Geographic distribution
  • Cultural appropriateness
  • Clinics available but underused
21
Q

Behavioral Model of Health Services Use

A
  • Influenced by perceived need, predisposing factors (age, gender, beliefs), enabling factors (income, resources)
22
Q

Example of Behavioral Model of Health Services Use

A
  • Predisposing factors: age, gender, health-related beliefs
  • Enabling factors: income, insurance, resources
23
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A
  • Economic and social conditions influencing health disparities
  • Conditions affecting health outcomes
24
Q

Example of Social Determinants of Health

A
  • Differences in health outcomes among communities (e.g., Queens, Harlem, Manhattan)
25
Q

12 Key Determinants of Health (Health Canada)

A
  • Income & social status
  • Employment
  • Education
  • Social environment
  • Physical environment
  • Healthy child development
  • Personal health practices
  • Coping skills
  • Health services
  • Social support
  • Biologic & genetic endowment
  • Gender
  • Culture
26
Q

Difference Between Determinants of Health and Social Determinants

A
  • Determinants include genetic and personal behavior factors
  • Social determinants focus on economic and social conditions affecting health
27
Q

Impact of Social Determinants

A
  • Drive health disparities
  • Shaped by public policies reflecting political values and priorities
  • Conditions influencing disease risk and vulnerability
28
Q

Example of Impact of Social Determinants

A
  • Income distribution
  • Wealth
  • Social conditions affecting health
29
Q

Social Determinants: Health Disparities

A
  • Conditions under which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
  • Responsible for health disparities within and across populations
30
Q

Examples of Social Determinants

A
  • Risk factors in living conditions (e.g., income distribution, power dynamics)
  • Influence disease risk and vulnerability to injury
  • Shaped by public policies
31
Q

Example of Health Disparities

A
  • Poor health linked to high workforce turnover, low labor participation, reduced investment, diversion of public resources
  • Further reduces access to quality health services
32
Q

Effects of Poor Socioeconomic Environment

A
  • Low socioeconomic status leads to higher disease burden
  • Linked to poor sanitation, nutrition, housing, health care access, education, and increased psychosocial stress
33
Q

Example of Effects of Poor Socioeconomic Environment

A
  • Poor child development impacting physical, cognitive, and social attainment

Health Care systems And Policies (8 decks)

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