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Health Care systems And Policies > goals, functions of, and assessment of a healthcare system > Flashcards

goals, functions of, and assessment of a healthcare system Flashcards

1
Q

Healthcare System

A
  • All organizations, institutions, and resources devoted to promoting, restoring, or maintaining health.
  • Includes health professionals, policy makers, purchasers, regulators, managers, and consumers. (World Health Report 2000, Institute of Medicine)
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2
Q

3 Main Goals of a Health Care System

A
  • Health Status Improvement
  • Responsiveness
  • Fair Financing
  • Primary goal: Improvement
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3
Q

Goals of Health Care System: Health Status Improvement

A
  • Promotion, protection, and improvement of health
  • Fundamental reason for establishing the system
  • Other systems (housing, education, etc.) can contribute indirectly
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4
Q

Goals of Health Care System: Responsiveness

A
  • Responds to physical and psychological expectations of users
  • Shows care, listens, and determines what is good for them
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5
Q

Goals of Health Care System: Fair Financing

A
  • Fairness in how people pay for health care
  • Risk distributed according to ability to pay rather than risk of illness
  • Concerns for those without insurance
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6
Q

Functions of a Health Care System

A
  • Stewardship
  • Resource Generation
  • Financing
  • Service Provision
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7
Q

Functions of a Health Care System: Stewardship

A
  • Ownership
  • Setting strategic health policies
  • Regulation of components (government, insurance)
  • Integration & Coordination
  • Management
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8
Q

Functions of a Health Care System: Resource Generation

A
  • Capital Investment
  • Equipment & Consumables
  • Health Manpower Development
  • Research (e.g., pharmacy school requirements)
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9
Q

Functions of a Health Care System: Financing

A
  • Raising resources for health care
  • Payment/financing of health care institutions and providers
  • Examples: Medicaid (federal program) and Medicare
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10
Q

Functions of a Health Care System: Service Provision

A
  • Organization of structures and services
  • Includes preventive, curative, rehabilitative services
  • Settings: ambulatory care, hospital care, long-term care
  • Special services: mental health care, rehabilitation centers
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11
Q

Characteristics of a Functioning Health Care System

A
  • Safety
  • Effectiveness
  • Patient-centeredness
  • Timeliness
  • Efficiency
  • Equity
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12
Q

Characteristics of a Functioning Health Care System: Effectiveness

A
  • Does what it is supposed to do
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13
Q

Characteristics of a Functioning Health Care System: Efficiency

A
  • Provides more benefit from the same resources
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14
Q

3 Ways of Assessing A Health Care System

A
  • Attainment of goals
  • Performance (effectiveness & efficiency)
  • Quality of care
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15
Q

Assessing a Health Care System: Measuring System Attainment

A
  • Overall health status
  • Distribution of health within population
  • Overall responsiveness
  • Distribution of financial burden within the population
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16
Q

Health System Attainment: Health Status Improvement

A
  • Differences in health status based on demographics (race, gender, SES, age) indicate health disparities
17
Q

Common Measures of Population Health

A
  • Infant Mortality
  • Under 5 Mortality
  • Adult Mortality
  • Life Expectancy
18
Q

Health System Attainment: Responsiveness

A
  • Measures how well the system meets patient expectations
  • Components: Respect for Persons, Client Orientation
19
Q

Survey Results: Relative Importance of 7 Measures of Responsiveness

A
  • Respect for Persons:
  • Respect for dignity (16.7%)
  • Confidentiality (16.7%)
  • Autonomy (16.7%)
  • Client Orientation:
  • Prompt attention (20%)
  • Quality of amenities (15%)
  • Access to social support networks (10%)
  • Choice of provider (5%)
20
Q

Health System Attainment: Fair Financing

A
  • Health financing burden = Household health costs / Capacity to pay
  • Fair if contribution is identical regardless of income, health status, or system use
  • Unfair if people are pushed into poverty or go without needed care
21
Q

Assessment of a Health Care System: Measuring Quality of Care

A
  • Quality assessed by Structure, Process, Outcomes
22
Q

Measuring Quality of Care: Structure

A
  • Attributes of the system and delivery settings
  • Includes organization, personnel qualifications, facilities, equipment, payment structure
23
Q

Measuring Quality of Care: Process

A
  • What is done in giving and receiving care
  • Includes diagnosis, treatment, referrals, reviews, authorizations, provider searches, second opinions, prescriptions
24
Q

Measuring Quality of Care: Outcomes

A
  • Evaluates changes in health status, patient knowledge/behavior, and satisfaction with care
  • Important for assessing quality
25
Q

Dimensions of Patient Satisfaction

A
  • Interpersonal relations
  • Technical quality (competence)
  • Accessibility & availability
  • Continuity of care
  • Patient convenience
  • Physical setting
  • Financial contribution
26
Q

Measuring Quality of Care: Summary

A
  • Include aspects of Structure, Process, and Outcomes in any quality assessment

Health Care systems And Policies (8 decks)

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