Health Determinants, Equity & Interventions

Question 1

Categories of determinants of health?

Answer 1

• individual biological factors
• individual lifestyle factors
• social & community factors
• living & working conditions
• sociological, cultural, environmental conditions

Question 2

Equity vs equality?

Answer 2

Equity - concerned with fair and just treatment.
Equality - concerned with equal treatment.

Question 3

Horizontal vs vertical equity?

Answer 3

Horizontal - equal treatment for equal need.
Vertical - unequal treatment for unequal need.

Question 4

How can health equity be examined?

Answer 4

• supply of health care / resource allocation
• access to health care
• utilisation of health care
• health outcomes
• wider determinants of health (e.g. diet, smoking)

Question 5

What are the 3 domains of public health practice?

Answer 5

• health improvement
• health protection
• health care

Question 6

What is included in the health improvement domain of public health?

Answer 6

Societal interventions aimed at preventing disease, promoting health & reducing inequalities:
- education
- housing
- employment
- lifestyles
- community

Question 7

What is included in the health protection domain of public health?

Answer 7

Measures to control infectious disease risks & environmental hazards (chemicals, poisons, radiation).

Question 8

What is included in the health care domain of public health?

Answer 8

• clinical effectiveness
• efficiency
• service planning
• audit & evaluation
• clinical governance
• equity

Question 9

At what three levels can public health interventions be considered?

Answer 9

• ecological (population)
• community
• individual