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PA practice > Health Care for Vulnerable Populations > Flashcards

Health Care for Vulnerable Populations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the learned and shared knowledge that specific groups use to generate their behavior and interpret their experience to the world?

A

Culture

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2
Q

What describes a specific culture of people who share the same geographical region, language, customs, etc.?

A

ethnicity

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3
Q

What describes a social construct used to identify groups by physiological characteristics (skin color, hair, texture, facial features) and is made up of many cultural and ethnic groups?

A

race

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4
Q

What are these describing:
- gender
- age
- class
- race
- ethnicity
- religion
- occupation
- sexual orientation and identity
- disability
- socioeconomic status (SES)

A

culture

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5
Q

What describes people with intense health care needs (multiple, serious chronic conditions) that have limited access to healthcare due to social injustices?

A

Vulnerable populations

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6
Q

What are examples of social injustices?

A
  • race and ethnicity
  • poverty
  • gender
  • sexual orientation
  • age
  • language barriers
  • mental health conditions
  • patients with disabilities
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7
Q

What are the homeless populations apart of?

A

vulnerable populations

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8
Q

Who experiences higher rates of chronic disease, substance abuse, mental health disorders and has a much lower life expectancy?

A

homeless populations

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9
Q

Where do people of the homeless population often seek care?

A

in the ED

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10
Q

When encountering homeless populations, what must you do?

A
  • consider the patient’s feeling of shame or embarrassment
  • must show empathy and be respectful
  • utilize healthcare resources (social worker/case manager; behavioral health services)
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11
Q

What is the LGBTQ population apart of?

A

vulnerable populations

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12
Q

What issues regarding access to care do people of the LGBTQ population run into?

A
  • providers refusing to see these patients
  • discriminatory environments (leads to avoidance of healthcare)
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13
Q

What do the disparities experienced of the LGBTQ population include?

A
  • STIs
  • violence
  • poverty
  • substance abuse
  • mental health conditions
  • obesity and eating disorders
  • breast and cervical CA
  • heart disease
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14
Q

What are patients with disabilities apart of?

A

vulnerable populations

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15
Q

What are some disabilities you should consider?

A
  • hearing impaired
  • mobility limitations
  • visually impaired
  • intellectual and developmental disabilities
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16
Q

Patients with disabilities have poor health outcomes due to what?

A
  • physical barriers
  • inadequate communication
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17
Q

What are patients of extreme ages (elderly, pediatric) apart of?

A

vulnerable populations

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18
Q

What are some issues that the elderly face?

A
  • multiple chronic conditions
  • accessing healthcare: transportation, mobility problems, assistance from others
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19
Q

What are some issues that pediatric patients face?

A
  • dependent on caregivers (parents, guardians)
  • health professionals and resource shortages
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20
Q

What are rural populations apart of?

A

vulnerable populations

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21
Q

What is the cognizant, observant and consciousness of similarities and differences among and between cultural groups?

A

cultural awareness

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22
Q

What is one’s recognition of their own cultural influences upon values, beliefs, and judgments?

A

cultural self-awareness

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23
Q

What does cultural awareness include?

A
  • understanding of what culture is and is not
  • insight into intracultural variation
  • how individuals identify with their culture, including personal and community health
  • conscious of own perceptions and biases
  • reactions to other cultures
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24
Q

What is necessary to promote growth and develop competency for cultural awareness?

A

self-assessment

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25
Q

What is a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and critique, to redressing power imbalances, to develop mutually beneficial and non-paternalistic partnerships with communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations?

A

cultural humility

26
Q

What provides resources to individual, agency, system, etc to ensure effective functioning when engaging in diverse cultural interactions and settings and ensures understanding and respect of cultural differences and similarities?

A

cultural competency

27
Q

What is the relationship between cultural humility and cultural competence?

A

cultural competemility

28
Q

What are branches of cultural competence?

A
  • cultural awareness
  • cultural knowledge
  • cultural skill
  • cultural encounter
29
Q

What occurs automatically and unintentionally and affects judgments, decisions, and behaviors?

A

implicit bias

30
Q

What are verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities that are hostile, derogatory, negative and results in insulting another individual?

A

microaggressions

31
Q

What is included as a national health concern and includes healthcare barriers such as economic, geographic, social, and cultural?

A

health disparities

32
Q

What are some sources of health disparities?

A
  • patients: mistrust or refusal
  • healthcare systems: location
  • providers: bias/prejudice
33
Q

What is the goal of the national standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS) in health care?

A

to improve access to health care for minorities, reduce disparities, and improve quality of care

34
Q

What are the benefits of culturally competent care?

A
  • decreasing barriers = decreasing disparities
  • improved patient care
  • increased patient satisfaction
  • decreased malpractice costs
  • compliant with legal requirements
  • positive community image
35
Q

What is the goal of developing cultural competency?

A

balance between specific facts of one’s culture and acquiring sound skills and knowledge

36
Q

What is the pathway of developing cultural competency?

A
  • self reflection of one’s own cultural identity and beliefs
  • cross-cultural experiences
37
Q

Developing cultural competency is centered in what ways?

A
  1. fact-centered
  2. attitude/skill centered
38
Q

What does fact-centered competency do?

A

teaches cultural knowledge about a specific group

39
Q

What does attitude/skill centered competency do?

A
  • effective communication skills and emphasizes sociocultural context of individuals
  • requires self-reflection with one’s cultural identity and beliefs along with cross-cultural encounters
40
Q

What are fact-centered information of competency examples?

A
  • religion
  • how one envisions their illness
  • cultural bound syndromes
  • family’s role in patient’s illness
  • perception of pain
41
Q

What are attitude/skill centered principles?

A
  • practicing cultural etiquette
  • cultural humility
  • examining family beliefs, roles, and constructs in the community
  • understanding the community in which you are serving and the cultures within that community
  • understand the role of race, ethnicity, gender, and spirituality play in the delivery and perceptions of healthcare
42
Q

What is a holistic approach emphasizing cultural and social influences on person’s health and health beliefs?

A

patient-centered care

43
Q

What are the principles of patient centered-care?

A
  • treat with dignity
  • share unbiased information with patient and family
  • strengthening patient’s sense of control
  • collaborate with patient’s families and communities
44
Q

When does patient centered-care work best?

A
  • pts receive information in their language
  • clinicians aware of potential language barriers
  • caregivers adsress understanding of pts cultural beliefs/practices
45
Q

What is a physiological and psychological process?

A

disease

46
Q

What is a psychological meaning and experience of perceived disease?

A

illness

47
Q

What is the cultural competence model of care?

A
  • awareness
  • skill
  • knowledge
  • education
  • desire

“ASKED”

48
Q

What helps healthcare professionals assess their level of cultural competence?

A

cultural competence model of care “ASKED”

49
Q

What includes a self-examination of one’s biases toward other cultures?

A

Awareness

50
Q

What includes a cultural assessment to gather data regarding present problem and then conduct physical exam?

A

skill

51
Q

What includes obtaining information about other cultures/ethnic groups and biological variations, diseases, health conditions, and drug metabolism?

A

knowledge

52
Q

What includes face-to-face encounters and seeing patients of diverse backgrounds and modifying existing beliefs?

A

encounters

53
Q

What includes engaging in processes of becoming culturally aware, knowledgeable, and skillful?

A

Desire

54
Q

What are different types of communication?

A
  • interpersonal communication
  • health literacy
  • triadic interview
55
Q

What type of communication includes body language, addressing the pt, level of comfort, listening, learning basic words, don’t make assumptions, values, and communication?

A

interpersonal communication

56
Q

What type of communication is the degree to which individuals have capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate decisions (most don’t understand health information given to them)?

A

health literacy

57
Q

What type of communication includes the provider, patient, and interpreter?

A

triadic interview

58
Q

What is the role of an interpreter?

A
  • conduit
  • clarifier
  • culture broker
59
Q

What is the term associated with relaying information exactly as presented without additions, omission, editing, or polishing?

A

conduit

60
Q

What is the term associated with explaining or making word pictures of terms with no linguistic equivalent and checks for understanding?

A

clarifier

61
Q

What is the term associated with giving cultural framework for understanding of message being interpreted?

A

culture broker

62
Q

What are the 3 components of a triadic interview process?

A
  1. pre-session (provider and interpreter clarify visit and establish ground rules)
  2. triadic interview
  3. post interview debriefing (to ensure patient understands the visit)

PA practice (7 decks)

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