Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Health assessment-test 2-skin, hair, nails > Flashcards

Health assessment-test 2-skin, hair, nails Flashcards

1
Q

What can skin clue you in to?

A

respiratory problems
cardiac problems
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the respiratory signs

A

pallor
cyanosis
clubbing
decreased capillary refill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define pallor

A

pale: can occur with high stress like anxiety or fear; also from vasoconstriction from exposure to cold and from cigarette smoking and in the presence of edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define cyanosis

A

blue or purple discoloration due to decreased perfusion; not always a reliable indicator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is cyanosis best seen?

A

lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false: cyanosis is an early sign of respiratory distress.

A

false; it is a late sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If hemoglobin is ___ ___, it is impossible to become cyanotic

A

< 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

some people _____ turn cyanotic. Why?

A

never; if not enough RBC, can’t turn blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clubbing is the _____ of _____ fingers and ____ ____

A

bulging
distal
nail beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In clubbing, nail beds have a _____ feeling.

A

spongy; moves alot when fingernail is moved up and down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of disorders is clubbing associated with?

A

pulmonary, cardia, neoplasms (chronic lung inflammation, bronchial tumors, congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung cancer, pulmonary disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal nail is ___ degrees. Early clubbing, the angle straightens to ____ degrees.

A

160 degrees or less

180 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Capillary refill…
Sluggish return means?
Early and late signs?

A

color should return within 2 seconds
sluggish return indicates respiratory or cardiac dysfunction
Pale (early)
Blue (late)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you check for clubbing?

A

place fingers nail to nail; if you see a diamond there is no clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can clubbing be reversed?

A

yes, if the problem can be fixed. In cystic fibrosis, clubbing will not go away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GCR stands for what in documentation?

A

Good capillary refill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardiac signs include:

A 
Pallor
poor capillary refill
clubbing
cyanotic
temperature (cool)
diaphoresis (sweating--skin not perfusing)
edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Edema is caused by:

A

fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces of dependent areas (feet, ankles, sacrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you check for edema?

A

press firmly for 3-4 seconds on tibia or ankle malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bilateral edema can indicate…

A

heart or kidney failure (one side may be an injury)

21
Q 
Edema scale
1+
2+
3+
4+
A

1+ Mild pitting (slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg)
2+ Moderate pitting (indentation subsides rapidly)
3+ Deep pitting (indentation remains for a short time; leg looks swollen)
4+ Very deep pitting (indentation lasts a long time; leg is very swollen)

22
Q

dehydration signs:

A

dry mucous membranes (in mouth, membranes look dry, dull) Normal is smooth and moist.
poor skin turgor

23
Q

Skin turgor can be assessed best…

A

under the clavicle for adults; in infants, assess the abdomen

24
Q

What should skin turgor be like if it is normal?

A

mobile and return quickly when released

25
Q

Scleroderma

A

arm and leg area feel like a cast, very hard

26
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish skin color

27
Q

Where is jaundice first noted?

A

at the junction of the hard and soft palate and the sclera

28
Q

What is jaundice associated with?

A

liver dysfunction and

some blood disorders (sickle cell dz)

29
Q

Malignant skin lesions graded by what scale?

A 
A = Assemetry
B = border irregularity
C = Color variation (don't want variation; one color)
D = diameter > 6 mm
E = elevation or evolution (growing or changing)
30
Q

Cafe au lait

A

tan to light brown, irregular shape, oval patch with well-defined borders (some diseases related to)
caused by increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer

31
Q

Lesions have common shapes/configurations.

Name four:

A

Confluent–lesions run together (hives)
Discrete–distinct, individual lesions that remain separate (skin tags, acne)
Target–or iris; round shape center is different color; resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions (erythema multiforme)
Zosteriform–linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster)

32
Q

Macule

A

freckle/flat mole; darker color; less than 1 cm (freckles, flat nevi, measles, scarlet fever)

33
Q

papule

A

something you can feel; solid, elevated, circumscribed; less than 1 cm (mole, wart)–you can palpate a papule

34
Q

nodule

A

solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm; may extend deeper into dermis than papule (fibroma)

35
Q

tumor

A

larger than a few cm; firm or soft; can be benign (lipoma, hemangioma)

36
Q

vesicle

A

elevated cavity containing free fluid; up to 1 cm (herpes, chicken pox (early), shingles)

37
Q

uticaria (hives)

A

wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction; intensely pruritic

38
Q

wheal

A

superficial, raised, transient and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema (mosquito bite, allergic reaction)

39
Q

crust

A

thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up; can be red-brown, honey or yellow

40
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin

41
Q

lesion

A

any abnormality of skin

42
Q

Four stages of pressure ulcers

TEST QUESTION

A

Stage 1: intact skin; appears red, not broken; will usually heal
Stage 2: skin breaks; shallow; looks like open blister or abrasion
Stage 3: ulcer extends into subcutaneous tissue and resembles crater (won’t see muscle, bone or tendon, but may see fat)
Stage 4: involves all skin layers; exposes bone, muscle, tendon; no pain because nerves are dead

43
Q

Where do adults and children normally get pressure ulcers

A

elbows, sacrum, bones of bottom…anywhere with bone-y prominences
Babies– get pressure ulcers from medical equipment

44
Q

pattern injury

A

bruise or wound whose shape suggests the instrument or weapon that caused it (can suggest child abuse)

45
Q

bruise

A

mechanical injury resulting in hemorrhage into tissues; skin intact; ranges in color

46
Q

petechiae

A

bleeding from superficial capillaries; can tell if this is blood is by pressing on it. If it does not turn white then you know it is petechiae (can use a glass to look thru to see)

47
Q

ecchymosis

A

purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into skin; >3mm

48
Q

psoriasis

A

scaly, erythematous patch with silvery scales on top

Health Assessment (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions