Health assessment-test 2-head, face, lymph nodes Flashcards
normocephalic
normal shaped head
microcephalic
small head (Rett syndrome)
macrocephalic
large head (hydrocephalus)
Name the fontanels
anterior fontanel
posterior fontanel
what is a fontanel?
spaces where the sutures intersect; membrane covered soft spots allow fro growth of the brain during the first year
When do the fontanels close?
posterior closes by 2 months
anterior closes by 2 years
What would it mean for a fontanel to be sunken?
dehydrated
What would it mean for a fontanel to be bulging?
trauma (bleeding/swelling)
facies
distinctive facial expression that is characteristic of a medical condition
examples: fetal alcohol syndrome (smooth upper lip), Parkinson’s disease, Down’s syndrome
trachea
Should be midline; inspect or palpate for any deviation to the left or right
thyroid
inspect; palpate using anterior or posterior approach; note size, consistency, symmetry, presence of nodules
lymph nodes
what are they?
what do they do?
greatest supply where?
small, oval clumps located throughout the body
filter extravascular fluid before it returns to the bloodstream
greatest supply in head and neck
Names of groups of lymph nodes in head/neck
posterior auricular occipital preauricular submandibular submental deep cervical chain supraclavicular posterior cervical
lymph nodes are often _____
palpable
lymph node size ____ with age
decreases
normal nodes are ___, ___, ___, and ___
moveable, discrete, soft and nontender
if lymph nodes are enlarged or tender, look for the …
source of the problem
supraclavicular nodes are also called?
seed of the devil (may indicate neoplasm in thorax or abdomen)
lymphadenopathy
enlarged lymph nodes (> 1 cm) from infection, allergy or neoplasm
infection lymphadenopathy
enlarged, bilateral, warm, tender, freely movable
cancer lymphadenopathy
enlarged (> 3 cm), unilateral, nontender, matted (stuck to tissue around), fixed
A single, large, hard, non-tender left ___ lymph node is an ___ ___.
supraclavicular
ominous sign
