Health and Society

Question 1

What are the physical activity trends in the US?

Answer 1

most adults don’t exercise enough, about 50% are less active then recommended

Question 2

What are the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

Answer 2

at least 150 mins/week of moderate-intensity or 75 mins/week of vigorous-intensity exercise and muscle strengthening at least 2 days/week

Question 3

What is the FITTE principle?

Answer 3

use this to determine what exercise someone should do

Frequency, Intensity, Time/Duration, Type, Enjoyment

Question 4

What is the definition of a MET?

Answer 4

1 MET = 1kcal/kg/hour (energy spent at rest)

1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min of O2 uptake

Question 5

How do you add up how many METs done in a week from exercise?

Answer 5

for each activity: MET value of activity x number of hours/week you do it
then sum up the totals for each activity

Question 6

What is RPE?

Answer 6

rating of perceived exhaustion

Question 7

What is sedentary behavior?

Answer 7

any waking behavior expending 1.5 METs or less

Question 8

Differentiate between low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity exercise.

Answer 8

low: able to talk or sing
medium: not able to talk or sing fluently
high: not able to talk or sing at all

Question 9

What is the built environment?

Answer 9

human made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity

Question 10

What aspects of a built environment have a positive effect on physical activity and healthy eating?

Answer 10

Higher education, higher income, easily accessible exercise locations, social support, enjoyable scenery and safe neighborhoods

Question 11

What aspects of a build environment have a negative effect on physical activity and healthy eating?

Answer 11

Low income, aging, low motivation, rural, overweight

Question 12

How can urban planning help increase community welfare?

Answer 12

creating more equitable, healthy and convenient spaces

Question 13

What is health literacy?

Answer 13

the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services need to make appropriate medical decisions

Question 14

How does health literacy affect informed consent?

Answer 14

may not understand what they are consenting to bc don’t understand risks or benefits

Question 15

How does health literacy affect consenting to participating in research?

Answer 15

may not understand extent of obligation in study and also potential risks of the study

Question 16

How does health literacy affect self management of disease?

Answer 16

may not understand why certain treatments are necessary or how to administer treatment
so mortality rates will be higher

Question 17

What is the Health Behavior Model?

Answer 17

principle that health behavior change is function of the individual’s perceptions regarding the effectiveness of treatment and the actual illness

Question 18

What is the Social Cognitive/Ecological Model?

Answer 18

emphasis on interactions between person and environment (including interpersonal relationships, family, community and city)

Question 19

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

Answer 19

intention to act is based on behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs (intention immediately precedes action)

Question 20

What is the three beliefs in Theory of Planned Behavior?

Answer 20

Behavioral beliefs: perceived outcomes
Normative beliefs: subjective norms or pressure of others
Control beliefs: presence of factors that facilitate/impede performance of behavior as well as perceived power of these factors

Question 21

What is self-determination? (model)

Answer 21

internalized intrinsic motivation and experience greater autonomy in actions

Question 22

What are the stages of change?

Answer 22

Precontemplation: unaware of problem, no interest in change
Contemplation: aware of problem, thinking of making change
Preparation: realize benefits of making change, has some ideas about how to change
Action: actively taking steps towards achieving behavioral goal
Maintenance: initial goal has been reached and sustained for over six months

Question 23

What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)?

Answer 23

aims to produce cognitive change that will trigger as well as result from our actions

Question 24

What are the three aspects of CBT?

Answer 24

Self monitoring: increases self awareness
Stimulus control: manages triggers
Cognitive restructuring: become aware of thoughts about oneself and tell them to actively challenge that