Health and Society Flashcards
What are the physical activity trends in the US?
most adults don’t exercise enough, about 50% are less active then recommended
What are the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
at least 150 mins/week of moderate-intensity or 75 mins/week of vigorous-intensity exercise and muscle strengthening at least 2 days/week
What is the FITTE principle?
use this to determine what exercise someone should do
Frequency, Intensity, Time/Duration, Type, Enjoyment
What is the definition of a MET?
1 MET = 1kcal/kg/hour (energy spent at rest)
1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min of O2 uptake
How do you add up how many METs done in a week from exercise?
for each activity: MET value of activity x number of hours/week you do it
then sum up the totals for each activity
What is RPE?
rating of perceived exhaustion
What is sedentary behavior?
any waking behavior expending 1.5 METs or less
Differentiate between low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity exercise.
low: able to talk or sing
medium: not able to talk or sing fluently
high: not able to talk or sing at all
What is the built environment?
human made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity
What aspects of a built environment have a positive effect on physical activity and healthy eating?
Higher education, higher income, easily accessible exercise locations, social support, enjoyable scenery and safe neighborhoods
What aspects of a build environment have a negative effect on physical activity and healthy eating?
Low income, aging, low motivation, rural, overweight
How can urban planning help increase community welfare?
creating more equitable, healthy and convenient spaces
What is health literacy?
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services need to make appropriate medical decisions
How does health literacy affect informed consent?
may not understand what they are consenting to bc don’t understand risks or benefits
How does health literacy affect consenting to participating in research?
may not understand extent of obligation in study and also potential risks of the study
How does health literacy affect self management of disease?
may not understand why certain treatments are necessary or how to administer treatment
so mortality rates will be higher
What is the Health Behavior Model?
principle that health behavior change is function of the individual’s perceptions regarding the effectiveness of treatment and the actual illness
What is the Social Cognitive/Ecological Model?
emphasis on interactions between person and environment (including interpersonal relationships, family, community and city)
What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?
intention to act is based on behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs (intention immediately precedes action)
What is the three beliefs in Theory of Planned Behavior?
Behavioral beliefs: perceived outcomes
Normative beliefs: subjective norms or pressure of others
Control beliefs: presence of factors that facilitate/impede performance of behavior as well as perceived power of these factors
What is self-determination? (model)
internalized intrinsic motivation and experience greater autonomy in actions
What are the stages of change?
Precontemplation: unaware of problem, no interest in change
Contemplation: aware of problem, thinking of making change
Preparation: realize benefits of making change, has some ideas about how to change
Action: actively taking steps towards achieving behavioral goal
Maintenance: initial goal has been reached and sustained for over six months
What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)?
aims to produce cognitive change that will trigger as well as result from our actions
What are the three aspects of CBT?
Self monitoring: increases self awareness
Stimulus control: manages triggers
Cognitive restructuring: become aware of thoughts about oneself and tell them to actively challenge that
