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CHRP - Labour Relations > Health and Safety - Definitions > Flashcards

Health and Safety - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)

A

The identification, evaluation, and control of hazards associated with the work environment

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2
Q

Occupational Injury

A

Any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace accident

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3
Q

Occupational Illness

A

Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment

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4
Q

Hazard

A

Any condition or set of circumstances that has the potential to cause an injury

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5
Q

Ergonomic Hazards

A

Hazards associated with musculoskeletal injuries/illness

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6
Q

Due Diligence

A

Taking every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker

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7
Q

Internal Responsibility System

A

A workplace specific system of duties, rights, obligations and responsibilities agreed upon by the workplace parties (worker, supervisor, and employer)

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8
Q

Health and Safety Act

A

Federal, provincial, or territorial law that constitutes the basic regulatory mechanism for OHS.
They describe the general rights and duties of individuals.
They Define what has to be done
Act’s are developed by Provincial Parliaments

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9
Q

(Health and Safety) Regulations

A

They define how the general intent of the Act will be applied in specific circumstances.
They are developed by the Ministry of Labour Officials with public consultation

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10
Q

Health and Safety Standards and Codes

A

Guides established by agencies

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11
Q

Health and Safety Certified Member

A

A committee member who is certified under section 7.6 (Recognition of Employees)

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12
Q

Designated Substance

A

A biological, chemical or physical agent or combination thereof prescribed as a designated substance to which the exposure of a worker is prohibited, regulated, restricted, limited or controlled

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13
Q

Hazardous Physical Agent

A

A physical agent named or described in the OHSA regulations as a hazardous physical agent

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14
Q

Occupational Illness

A

A condition that results from exposure in a workplace to a physical, chemical or biological agent to the extent that the normal physiological mechanisms are affected and the health of the worker is impaired thereby and includes an occupational disease for which a worker is entitled to benefits under the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997

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15
Q

Consumer Products

A

A product which is packaged as a consumer product is exempt from WHMIS requirements

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16
Q

Exposure

A

Contact with or proximity to a hazard, taking into account duration and intensity

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17
Q

Control Measure

A

The precautions taken for doing a job safely, based on risk assessment

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18
Q

Accident

A

Any unwanted/unplanned event that causes harm to people, property, or process

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19
Q

Incident

A

Any unwanted/unplanned event that might have had a negative impact on people, property, or process (i.e. near miss)

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20
Q

Pinch Point

A

A point at which it is possible to be caught between the moving parts of a machine, or between the moving and stationary parts of a machine, or between material and any part of a machine

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21
Q

In-Running Nip Points

A

When two parts move together and at least one moves in a rotary or circular motion

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22
Q

Hazard Identification

A

A process to identify workplace activities, conditions, and/or acts that have a potential to injure workers or create property damage. It works to identify Agents, Conditions, and Behaviours

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23
Q

Risk Control

A

A process to determine the means to control a “significant” risk to an acceptable level

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24
Q

PEMEP Model

A

Recognize the hazards of each task by using the PEMEP model because every hazard will fall into one of these five categories: People, Equipment, Materials, Environment, Process

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25
Q

Risk Assessment

A

A process to identify which workplace activities, conditions, and/or acts present a “significant” risk. Consists of: Frequency, Severity and Probability

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26
Q

Risk

A

an estimate of the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event/exposure, and the severity of injury or illness that may be caused by the event/exposure

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27
Q

Engineering Controls

A

Aim to eliminate or reduce the hazard at the source or along the path

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28
Q

Administrative Controls

A

Reduce the hazard through work practices or administrative controls

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29
Q

Acute Hazards

A

Hazards that are serious and immediate

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30
Q

Chronic Hazards

A

Hazards that result in long-term effects

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31
Q

Physical Agents

A

Energy sources strong enough to harm the body. They include:

  • Noise
  • Vibration
  • Thermal/cold stress
  • Radiation
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32
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that occurs when there is a blockage or damage in the conductive path in the outer and/or middle ear

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33
Q

Audiogram

A

A picture/graph of a hearing test that measures the quietest sounds you can hear at different frequencies

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34
Q

Chronic Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

A

Permanent sensorineural condition that cannot be treated medically

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35
Q

Vibration

A

Oscillations occurring around an equilibrium point. A physical agent

36
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

Any form of electromagnetic energy capable of producing ions through interaction with matter (e.g. the sun, x-rays, gamma rays)

37
Q

Non-Ionizing Radiation

A

Electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to ionize matter (e.g. microwave radiation, ultraviolet, infrared radiation)
The primary organ at risk from non-ionizing radiation is your eyes

38
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

A

Radiation originating from the sun, ultraviolet lights, fluorescent tubes, and welding equipment

39
Q

Infrared Radiation

A

Invisible radiant energy, felt as heat

40
Q

Lasers

A

Concentrated beams of light used for a variety of purposes in medical and industrial sectors. A form of non-ionizing radiation

41
Q

Chemical Agents

A

Hazards created by exposure to chemicals and/or their physical reactions.
Chemicals exist in 3 states: solid, liquid, gas

42
Q

Biological Agents

A

Hazards that can cause infections and diseases by exposure to biological materials

43
Q

Toxicity

A

The ability of a hazard to cause injury to human biological tissue

44
Q

Acute Toxicity

A

The measure of how toxic a chemical is in a single dose over a short period of time

45
Q

Chronic Toxicity

A

The measure of how toxic a chemical is after long term exposure

46
Q

Lost Time Claim

A

A claim created when a worker suffers a work-related injury/disease which results in:

  • Being off work past the day of the accident
  • Loss of wages/earnings
  • Permanent disability/impairment
47
Q

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)

A

Injury or disorder of the muscles, tendons, and nerves

48
Q

Local contact stress (mechanical compression)

A

External pressure on the soft tissues, either at high forces and/or prolonged periods of time, that result in affected blood flow and nerve function

49
Q

Immediate Causes (Accidents)

A

The circumstances that immediately precede the contact (accident)

50
Q

Basic Causes (Accidents)

A

The reasons why the unsafe acts and conditions occurred. Consists of Personal and a Job factors

51
Q

Emergency

A

An event, or imminent event, outside the scope of normal operations that requires prompt coordination of resources to protect the health, safety, or welfare of people, or to limit damage to property and the environment

52
Q

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

A

A document developed to ensure quick access to the information necessary for effectively responding to an emergency (i.e. evacuation procedures, instructions, etc.)

53
Q

Heath Promotion Program

A

A combination of diagnostic, educational, and behavioural modification activities designed to support the attainment and maintenance of positive health

54
Q

Bill C-45

A

The Bill (introduced in 2003) established new legal duties for workplace health and safety, and imposed serious penalties for violations that result in injuries or death. The Bill provided new rules for attributing criminal liability to organizations, including corporations, their representatives and those who direct the work of others.

55
Q

Accident Severity Rating

A

The percentage of accidents that resulted in lost time. Equation: # of lost days*200,000/Total hours worked

56
Q

(Accident) Frequency Track Record

A

of injuries*200,000/Total hours worked

57
Q

Sound Pressure Level Meter

A

Measures gross noise level in decibels

58
Q

Octave Band Analyzer

A

Measures noise frequency range. Used to determine the type of hearing protection needed in a specific setting

59
Q

Audiometer

A

Measures employee hearing sensitivity

60
Q

Dosimeter

A

A device that measures an employee’s exposure as a percentage of work time

61
Q

Fault Tree

A

An analytical tool used to prevent or identify failures prior to their occurrence, but are more frequently used to analyze accidents or as investigative tools to pinpoint failures.

62
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

The physiological changes the body automatically goes through when it responds to stress. Includes: Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion

63
Q

Incipient (Fire Stage)

A

A flame that is still in its beginning stage

64
Q

Growth (Fire Stage)

A

There are sufficient oxygen and fuel to support the ongoing growth of the flame.

65
Q

Fully Developed (Fire Stage)

A

In this phase energy release is at its greatest and the temperature will be at its highest point

66
Q

Decay (Fire Stage)

A

This stage occurs after the fully developed flame starts to run out of fuel or oxygen

67
Q

Class A (Fire)

A

Involve common combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, trash and plastics.

68
Q

Class B (Fire)

A

Involve flammable liquids, solvents, oil, gasoline, paints, lacquers and other oil-based products.

69
Q

Class C (Fire)

A

Involve energized electrical equipment such as wiring, controls, motors, machinery, or appliances.

70
Q

Class D (Fire)

A

Involve combustible metals such as magnesium, lithium and titanium.

71
Q

Class K (Fire)

A

Involve combustible cooking media such as oils and grease commonly found in commercial kitchens

72
Q

Work Trial (Return to work)

A

A form of accommodation where workers return to work on a trial basis

73
Q

Domino Theory

A

A theory of accident causation and control, developed by H.W. Heinrich, that purports that all accidents, whether in a residence or a workplace environment, are the result of a chain of events

74
Q

Eustress

A

Moderate or normal psychological stress interpreted as being beneficial for the experiencer.

75
Q

Solvent

A

A heterogeneous group of structurally diverse chemicals that can be used to dilute, dissolve, or disperse other compounds. Common examples of solvents include water, ethanol, methanol and acetone

76
Q

Human Factors (Causes of Hazards)

A

Includes human error, laziness, carelessness, things that shouldn’t happen and can be fixed.

77
Q

Environmental Factors (Causes of Hazards)

A

The condition of the work environment like loud noises or cold temperatures; and conditions that are integral to the job and can’t be fixed or changed.

78
Q

Situational Factors (Causes of Hazards)

A

Include operations, equipment, or materials that contribute to accident situations.

79
Q

SAV-T

A

A process for managing workplace violence that includes: Scheduling Work, Authority, (items of) Value, Taking care of others

80
Q

Medical Surveillance Program

A

The surveillance program includes a pre-placement medical and periodic medicals, and specific medical testing that is specific to the designated substance used by your company (e.g. asbestos, lead, mercury)

81
Q

Necrosis

A

The death or decay of tissue

82
Q

Primary Interventions (Stress)

A

Stress interventions that involve the reduction or removal of actual stressors

83
Q

Secondary Interventions (Stress)

A

Stress intervention techniques that focus on minimizing negative consequences once a person is feeling stress

84
Q

Tertiary Interventions (Stress)

A

Applied after the fact to help those individuals who have not been able to manage workplace stress effectively

85
Q

Swiss Cheese Model

A

Accidents are a series of dominoes with holes in them. An incident results when the holes line up

86
Q

Bow-Tie Analysis

A

Combines a fault tree with an event tree.
On the left of the diagram is a listing of potential hazards and the measures taken to control these hazards.
On the right of the diagram are the measures taken to mitigate the consequences of an event and the resulting consequences.
The “knot” in the bow-tie is the event or incident to be prevented

87
Q

Supported Work/Sheltered Work

A

Modified work arrangements designed to help those with permanent disabilities who have either not been successful in competitive work environments or require substantial support to return to work

CHRP - Labour Relations (9 decks)

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