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RICS APC Revision > Health and safety > Flashcards

Health and safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the HSE?

A

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and illness. It acts in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury across Great Britain’s workplaces.

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2
Q

Define what service the HSE provides to improve safety?

A
  • The HSE is there to protect people’s health and safety by ensuring risks in the changing workplace are properly controlled.
  • The HSE help businesses adapt to changes in occupational health and safety law and practice
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3
Q

How long do you need to keep H&S data for?

A

Technically forever, we need to keep data on long term illness such as Asbestos

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4
Q

What is a Construction Phase Health & Safety Plan (CPH&SP)?

A

Developed during the construction phase by the contractor, the purpose is to demonstrate how the building will be built from a safety perspective.

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5
Q

What are the key principles of COSHH?

A

COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) requires employers to prevent or reduce workers’ exposure to substances including:

  • Chemicals
  • Fumes, gases, vapours and mists (paint, glue, welding, cleaning agents)
  • Dusts (asbestos, silica).
  • Biological agents and germs
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6
Q

What is corporate manslaughter?

A

An organisation is guilty of a corporate manslaughter offence if the way in which its activities are managed or organised causes a person’s death and if this amounts to a gross breach of a relevant duty of care by the organisation to the deceased

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7
Q

What is the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme?

A

It is a non-for-profit independent organisation founded in 1997 to improve the image of the industry. It encounters contractors and their supply chain to implement best practice.

  • Aims to promote construction
  • Aims to deliver the best practice in terms of site operations (cleanliness of site etc).
  • Voluntary effort
  • Delivering standards and benefitting the surrounding neighbourhood and community.
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8
Q

What are the main assessment categories within the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme?

A

There are 5 codes of considerate practice:

  • Care about Appearance.
  • Respect the Community.
  • Protect the Environment.
  • Care about Safety
  • Value their Workforce
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9
Q

What is the biggest cause of long-term health issues in the construction industry?

A

Breathing in hazardous dust and fumes.

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10
Q

Historically, which type of accident kills the most construction workers?

A

Falls from height.

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11
Q

What is the minimum height of the main guard-rail on scaffolding?

A

950mm

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12
Q

The Beaufort Scale is important when working at height externally, what does it measure?

A

Wind Speed

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13
Q

When are visitors or works most likely to have an accident on a construction site?

A

When they first start on a new site.

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14
Q

When you last visited a construction site, what considerations did you five to your own health and safety?

A
  • Preparing or contributing to method statements of risk assessments
  • Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Adhering to the contractor’s site rules.
  • Attending site inductions.
  • Ensuring that health and safety was discussed at meetings
  • Reporting any issues to site management
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15
Q

You are going to complete a site valuation on your own, what should you do before leaving the office?

A
  • Advise my manager when I am going and who I am meeting, I would also suggest a time when I am due back to the office.
  • Make the site manager aware of the visit and check I have the correct PPE
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16
Q

What H&S hazard have you come across on your projects?

A
  • Impacting of site traffic movements
  • Poor lighting
  • Manual handling
  • Slips / trips / falls
  • Working at height
  • Noise
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17
Q

What is a CSCS card?

A
  • Construction Skills Certification Scheme
  • Provides proof that individuals working on construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications for the job they do.
  • By ensuring the work force are appropriately qualified, the card plays its part in improving standards and safety on UK constructions sites.
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18
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protective Equipment

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19
Q

Can you give some examples of PPE?

A
  • Hard Hat
  • Gloves
  • Hi-vis vest
  • Steel toecap boots
  • Eye protection
  • Hearing protection
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20
Q

A member of the public has been injured by work activities and take to hospital for treatment. What should happen next?

A

The accident should be reported by the responsible person to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

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21
Q

The site has been issued with a prohibition notice by the HSE. What does this mean?

A

A prohibition notice normally requires the site to stop a particular activity straight away. The site must not resume activity until action has been taken to remove or control the risk.

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22
Q

What should you do first if you find an injured person on site?

A
  • Assess the situation - do not put yourself in danger.

- Raise the alarm and call for help.

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23
Q

There has been a serious accident on site. When should an automated external defibrillator (AED) be used?

A

AEDs can save the life of someone having sudden cardiac arrest when the heart suddenly unexpectedly stops beating.

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24
Q

What does RAMS stand for?

A

Risk Assessment and Method Statement

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25
Q

What is a method statement?

A

A statement/methodology that details the way work will be completed. The method statement should outline the hazards involved and include a step by step guide on how to execute safely.

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26
Q

What is meant by risk assessment?

A

Identifying a hazard, measuring the risk and identifying the method of reducing the risk.

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27
Q

What is the hierarchy of H&S risk control?

A 
Most effective 5 - least effective 1
5 - Elimination
4 - Substitution 
3 - Engineering
2 - Administrative
1 - PPE
28
Q

What do you do if you find asbestos on site?

A
  • Stop work immediately and ensure the area is safe (nobody else can access).
  • Report the matter to the Site Manager, there may be a requirement to notify the HSE.
  • The asbestos will need to be tested by a competent contractor to identify the type.
29
Q

What regulations are applicable to asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012

30
Q

What are the 3 most common types of asbestos?

A 
Crocidolite
- Blue fibres
Amosite
- Brown asbestos
Chrysotile
- Long, curly fibres
31
Q

Name the different types of asbestos surveys available?

A
  • Asbestos Management Survey - The purpose of the management survey is to manage asbestos containing materials (ACMs) during the normal occupation and use of premises
  • Refurbishment/demolition survey - The R&D survey is required where the premises, or part of it, need upgrading, refurbishment, or demolition
32
Q

Where is asbestos commonly found in older buildings?

A
  • Cement gutters and downpipes.
  • Corrugated roofs.
  • Floor tiles.
  • Ceiling tiles
  • Insulated boards
  • Lagging
  • Textiles
  • Soffits
33
Q

What is an asbestos management plan?

A

An asbestos management plan is a crucial document designed to register and detail how asbestos will be manages in a property and what activities will be engaged to ensure people remain safe from asbestos exposure

34
Q

What should the asbestos management plan include?

A

The plan must say who is responsible for what and should include:

  • The party responsible for managing asbestos.
  • The asbestos register identifying type and location etc.
  • Plans for work on asbestos material
  • The schedule for monitoring the materials’ condition
  • Telling people about your decisions
35
Q

How can asbestos be managed on site?

A
  • Remove - eliminate the risk
    Encapsulate - process of applying a protective later onto the asbestos containing material (ACM) which will contain asbestos fibres and provide some protection to the ACM from damage
  • Manage - set up an asbestos management plan
36
Q

What are the main health hazards when somebody is exposed to asbestos?

A
  • Asbestosis - a chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and permanent lung damage
  • Mesothelioma - a cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen
37
Q

What should the asbestos management plan include?

A

The plan must say who is responsible for what and should include:

  • The party responsible for managing asbestos.
  • The asbestos register identifying type and location etc.
  • Plans for work on asbestos material.
  • The schedule for monitoring the materials’ condition.
  • Telling people about your decisions
38
Q

How can asbestos be managed on site?

A
  • Remove - eliminate the risk
  • Encapsulate - process of applying a protective layer onto the asbestos containing material (ACM)
  • Manage - set up an asbestos management plan.
39
Q

What are the main health hazards when somebody is exposed to asbestos?

A
  • Asbestosis - a chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and permanent lung damage
  • Mesothelioma - a cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen.
40
Q

When is an employer required to have a written H&S policy in the UK?

A

When they employ more than 5 people.

41
Q

Are you aware of any other H&S Regulations that may be applicable to a construction project?

A
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
  • Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
  • Working at Height Regulations 2005
42
Q

What is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?

A
  • The basis of British health and safety law is in the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
  • The Act sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public and employees have to themselves and to each other.
  • these duties are qualified in the Act by the principle of ‘so far as is reasonably practical’.
  • The main requirement on employers is to carry out a risk assessment. Employers with five or more employees need to record the significant findings of the risk assessment.
43
Q

What does RIDDOR stand for?

A

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations.

44
Q

Tell me about Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 2013 (RIDDOR)

A

RIDDOR puts duties on employers, the self-employer and people in control of work premises (the responsible person) to report certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (near misses).

45
Q

What are the key principles of Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)?

A
  • These Regulations (often abbreviated to LOLER) place duties on people and companies who over, operate, or have control over lifting equipment. This includes all businesses and organisations whose employees use lifting equipment.
  • All lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner.
  • LOLER also requires that al equipment used for lifting is fit for purpose, appropriate for the task, suitable marked and, in many cases, subject to statutory periodic ‘through examination’.
  • Records must be kept of all thorough examinations and any defects found must be reported to both the person responsible for the equipment and the relevant enforcing authority
46
Q

What is the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005?

A

The regulations require employers to protect their employees from excessive levels of noise that could cause hearing damage. There are two main action levels for continuous noise:

  • Lower exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 80dB.
  • Upper exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 85dB
47
Q

Does the RICS publish any information on how to execute your role safely?

A
  • Yes - Surveying Safely - 2nd edition, November 2018

- Effective February 2019.

48
Q

What is the purpose of ‘Surveying safely’?

A

Sets out basic, good practice principles for the management of health and safety for RICS regulated firms and RICS members. It sets out principles for those engages in the built environment as property professionals and includes health and safety responsibilities.

49
Q

Is ‘Surveying safely’ RICS regulation or guidance?

A
  • Guidance
50
Q

What are key points of CDM Regulations?

A

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015.

  • To ensure clients, designers, contractors and others consider the health and safety of those constructing, maintaining and demolishing the works.
  • Places statutory duties on clients, principal designer, designers and contractors to plan, manage and coordinate health & safety throughout project.
  • Improve safety on site through design, planning and management.
51
Q

Who are they key duty holders under CDM 2015?

A
  • Client
  • Principal designer
  • Principal contractor
  • Designers
  • Contractors
  • Workers
52
Q

Under CDM, what are commercial clients?

A

Organisations or individuals for whom a construction project is carried out that is done as part of a business

53
Q

Under CDM, what are domestic clients?

A

People who have a construction work carried out on their own home (or the home of a family member) that is not done as part of a business.

54
Q

Under the CDM, who must make suitable arrangements for managing a project, including the allocation of sufficient time and other resources?

A
  • The client
55
Q

How does CDM apply to domestic clients with no contractors?

A

CDM 2015 applies if the work is carried out by someone else on the domestics client’s behalf. If the householder carries out the work themselves, it is classed as DIY and CDM 2015 does not apply.

56
Q

Who are designers under CDM?

A

Organisations or individuals who as part of a business, prepare or modify designers for a building product of system relating to construction work. Designers provide information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties.

When preparing or modifying designs, eliminate, reduce, or control foreseeable risks that may arise during:

  • Construction
  • The maintenance and use of a building.
57
Q

What is the role of the principal designer?

A

The principal designer has an important role in influencing how risks to health and safety are managed throughout a project. Design decisions made during the pre-construction phase have a significant influence in ensuring the project is delivered in a way that secures the health and safety of everyone affect by the work.

Principal designers must:

  • Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase.
  • Help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information and prove the information designers and contractors need to carry out their duties.
  • Work with any other designers on the project to eliminate the foreseeable health and safety risks to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to reduce or control those risks.
  • Ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase communicates and co-operates, coordinating their work wherever required.
  • Liaise with the principal contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.
58
Q

What is the role of the principal contractor?

A

Principal contractors have an important role in manage health and safety risk during the construction phase so they must have the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, organisational capability to carry out this work.

The principal contractor must:

  • Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate the entire construction phase.
  • Take account of the health and safety risks to everyone affected by the work (including members of the public), in planning and managing the measures needed to control them.
  • Liaise with the client and principal designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all risks are effectively managed.
  • Prepare a written construction phase plan before the construction phase begins, implement and then regularly review and revise it to make sure it remains fit for purpose.
  • Have ongoing arrangements in place for managing health and safety throughout the construction phase.
  • Consult and engage with workers about their health, safety and welfare.
  • Ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start and maintained throughout the construction phase.
  • Check that anyone they appoint has the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, the organisational capability to carry out their work safely and without risk to health.
  • Ensure all workers have site-specific inductions and any further information and training they need.
  • Take steps to prevent unauthorised access to the site.
  • Liaise with the principal designer to share any information relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase.
59
Q

What is the F10?

A

The form which is sent to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to notify them of a relevant construction project.

60
Q

When is a project notifiable to the HSE under CDM Regulations?

A

A construction project is notifiable if the construction work is expected to:

  • Last longer that 30 working days and have more than 20 workers working at the same time at any point on the project or,
  • Exceed 500 person days.
61
Q

Who issues the F10?

A

This is the client’s responsibility; however, the F10 is often delegated to the principal designer or H&S advisor.

62
Q

What is pre-construction information (PCI)?

A
  • Pre-construction information plays a vital role in the tender documentation. It enables prospective contractors to be fully aware of the project’s health and safety and welfare requirements. This will allow prospective contractors to have a level playing field as far as health and safety is concerned on which to provide tender submissions.
  • During its development, the pre-construction information can provide a focus at which health and safety considerations of the designs are brought together under the control of the principal designer.
63
Q

What is included in the pre-construction information document (PCI)?

A

includes:

  • Description of works
  • Client considerations and management requirements
  • Environmental restrictions and existing site risks.
  • Significant design and construction hazards.
  • Health and safety file.
64
Q

What is the Health and Safety File?

A

Prepared and issued promptly following completion of the construction works containing information needed during future construction work (including cleaning, maintenance, alterations, refurbishment and demolition works). It is essential for those parties involved in carrying out future works to alert them to any H&S risks that should be considered in the planning or carrying out of such works.

  • The principal designer ensures the file is prepared, reviewed, amended as necessary and issued to the client.
  • Clients, designers, contractors - must supply all information that needs to be included in the file.
  • Clients - must ensure H&S file is kept available to parties involved in future construction works at same site.
  • All parties - should ensure information for inclusion in H&S file should make sure that information is accurate, relevant and promptly provided.
65
Q

What should the Health and Safety File include?

A
  • A brief description of the work carried out.
  • Any hazards associated with the materials used (e.g. special coatings which should not be burnt off)
  • Information regarding the removal or dismantling of installed plant and equipment.
  • Nature, location of significant services, including underground cables, gas.
  • Residual hazards and how they have been dealt with (e.g. surveys or other information regarding asbestos, contaminated land, etc.)
66
Q

Who should the principal designer pass the health and safety file onto at project completion?

A

The client.

RICS APC Revision (19 decks)

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