health and related concepts Flashcards
What is the definition of health according to WHO (1948)?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the definition of health according to WHO (1984)?
The extent to which an individual or group can realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment.
What is the definition of wellness?
A state of living a healthy lifestyle.
What is the key difference between health and wellness?
Health is the goal, while wellness is the process of achieving health.
What are the domains of wellness?
1. Physical: Optimal functioning of all body cells and organs.
2. Emotional: Positive expression of emotions.
3. Social: Healthy relationships with others; social skills
4. Spiritual: Harmonious relationship with Allah and ethical living.
5. Intellectual: Creative and stimulating mental activities.
6. Environmental: Clean air, water, housing, and safe waste disposal.
7. Occupational: Safe, satisfying work-life balance.
What does the illness-wellness continuum represent?
Health is a spectrum from illness to optimal well-being, with illness being reactive and wellness being proactive.
What is the difference between disease, illness, and sickness?
1.** Disease: Physiological/psychological dysfunction (objective).
2. Illness: **Subjective feeling of being unwell.
3. Sickness: Social dysfunction due to illness.
What are the levels in the spectrum of health?
- Perfect Health: 100% in all 7 domains (rare).
- Good Health: Dynamic ups and downs; not perfect in all domains.
- Negative Health: Pathological changes without symptoms.
- Apparent Disease: Symptoms and signs (clinical illness).
- Complications: Organ/system breakdown.
- Death: Final stage of health breakdown.
What is the difference between impairment, disability, and handicap?
- Impairment: Loss/abnormality of structure or function.
- Disability: Limitation in performing activities.
- Handicap: Social disadvantage due to disability.
What does the iceberg phenomenon illustrate?
Visible disease is just the tip of the iceberg; most determinants of health and disease remain hidden.
What is community medicine?
The application of public health principles to communities, focusing on population/group rather than individuals.
How does community medicine differ from clinical medicine?
Community Medicine focuses on prevention and populations, while Clinical Medicine focuses on cure and individuals.
What are the tools of diagnosis in community medicine?
Epidemiological and statistical studies.
What are the tools of diagnosis in clinical medicine?
History, clinical exam, investigations.
What is the management approach in community medicine?
Health programs and evaluations.
