air borne and droplet

Question 1

measeles
* caustive
* sof
* ip
* vaccinaton
* ppe

Answer 1

** Causative Agent**: Measles virus.
- Source of infection: (Man only). The virus is transmitted from person to person via
respiratory droplets produced when sick people cough and sneeze. Virus-containing
droplets can remain in the air for several hours and the virus remains infectious on
contaminated surfaces for up to two hours.
- IP: 10 days
- Period of infectivity: In prodromal stage, 5 days after rash. - Specific prevention:
a. Vaccination: compulsory MMR live attenuated vaccine (Mumps – measles –
Rubella), 0.5ml SC at 12 and 18-month. It gives lifelong immunity.
b. Post exposure prophylaxis: -Vaccine within 3days of exposure is protective. - Within 6 days of exposure
1- Seroprophylaxis: human immunoglobulin for seroprevention for contacts.
2- Seroattenuation: smaller dose of IGs to give mild clinical picture.

Question 2

rubella
* caustive
* sof
* ip
* vaccinaton
* ppe

Answer 2

• Causative Agent: Rubella virus.
• Source of infection: Cases and incubatory carriers. Congenitally infected infants
  act as reservoir for 1 year in their respiratory secretion, in blood, urine, and stool. -
  IP: 14 – 18 days.
• • Period of communicability: 1 week before and 7 days after rash. - Specific prevention:
• a. Vaccination: MMR live attenuated, single dose 0.5ml SC. given at 12-18th month.
  It can be given to adolescent girls or females at any age before pregnancy. It gives
  lifelong immunity.
• b. Post exposure prophylaxis**: it can be combined to MMR vaccine in (MMRV). (CDC)
  1- Vaccine and IGs are not effective.
  2- Seroprophylaxis: for pregnant women exposed to infection and refuse abortion. **