community based screening Flashcards
What is a Community-Based Screening Program?
A Community-Based Screening Program is the application of screening on a specific community or population to identify individuals at higher risk of health problems or conditions for early treatment or intervention.
What is the purpose of community-based screening?
The purpose of screening is to identify individuals in a healthy population at higher risk of a health problem to provide early treatment or intervention and reduce the incidence or mortality of the condition.
What criteria must be fulfilled when designing a community-based screening program?
The criteria include knowledge of the disease, feasibility of screening procedures, availability of diagnosis and treatment, and cost considerations.
What is the knowledge of the disease criterion for screening?
The condition must be an important problem with a recognizable latent or early symptomatic stage, and the natural history of the disease must be understood.
What does feasibility of screening procedures involve?
There should be a suitable test or examination that is acceptable to the population, and case-finding should be a continuing process.
What is involved in diagnosis and treatment for screening programs?
There should be an accepted treatment for patients with recognized disease, available facilities for diagnosis and treatment, and an agreed-upon policy concerning whom to treat.
What are the cost considerations in community-based screening?
The cost of diagnosis, treatment, and case finding should be economically balanced in relation to overall medical care expenditures.
What are examples of community-based screening programs in Egypt?
Examples include screening children for anemia, obesity, stunting, and parasitic infestations, and adults for hepatitis C, diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, and obesity.
How can you choose the suitable health problem for screening in a community?
First, identify the most prevalent health problems through primary data collection (surveys, focus groups, interviews) and secondary data (epidemiological reports, mortality records). Then, use a priority matrix to determine the most suitable problem for screening.
What is a priority matrix in community-based screening?
A priority matrix is used to compare the most prevalent health problems by scoring them on items like prevalence, severity, and impact. The health problem with the highest score is selected for screening.
What is involved in the planning phase of a community-based screening program?
Planning involves setting SMART objectives, creating an action plan, budgeting, and planning for evaluation.
What is involved in the implementation phase of a community-based screening program?
Implementation includes staffing, directing, coordinating, monitoring, and supervising the screening program.
How is the evaluation of a community-based screening program done?
Evaluation involves assessing inputs (resource allocation), the process, the output (proportion of population screened), the outcome (treatment and control of the condition), and the impact (reduced complications and mortality).
What are the criteria to evaluate community-based screening programs?
The criteria include: importance of the health problem, understanding the natural history of the condition, detectable early stages, benefits of early treatment, availability of suitable tests, test acceptability, defined test intervals, adequate health service provisions, benefits outweighing risks, and costs balanced with benefits.
