Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is health
The soundness of body and mind is called Health.
•A healthy person is one who is physically and mentally fit in all respects.
Health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of an individual without merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Factors that influence health are called
The determinants of health
Why is health variable
Because the determinants of health makes health variable
What are the determinants of health
Social and economic factors;
- Environmental factors
- Personal factors or life style
- Hereditary factors
Explain social and economic factors of health
Social determinants of health are shaped by Money ,Power and resources which results in health inequalities
•Social support networks
•Culture customs and traditions and the beliefs of the family and the community can affect the health of a person example problems with blood transfusion due to religion
•Health services
Explain economic and environmental factors
Bad road networks affect the health of the individuals
Environment- Safe water and clean air
•Healthy workplaces
•Safe houses , communities and roads
Explain individual factors
Age
Gender
Genetics
Individual lifestyle
Name the types of social determinants and explain one
Structural determinants and Intermediary determinants
•Structural determinants includes the socioeconomic and political context which includes Governance,
These factors leads to unequal distribution of material and monetary resources which can change a person socio economic position true or false
True
Explain intermediary determinants
The former operates through a set of intermediary determinants which impacts a persons exposure, vulnerability and outcomes
•These includes
•Material Substances (quality of housing clothing, food, etc.)
•Psychosocial Factors ( stress, relationships, social support)
•Behaviors
•Biological Factors
•Bridging the two needs social cohesion and capit
Name four charact of good health
The person has capability to do work.
•The person feels himself efficient to take decisions and work accordingly .
•The person remains in sound mental condition.
• The person remain free from any disease.
•The person does not suffer from mental tension.
How to maintain good health
Nutrition
- Exercise and rest
- Good habits
What are lifestyle diseases and state three causes
They are diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors.
- Causes: a person’s
- Habits
- Behaviors
- Practices
Name three controllable risk factors
Your diet and body weight
•Your daily levels of physical activity
•Your level of sun exposure
•Smoking and alcohol abuse
Name four uncontrollable risk factors
- Age- the body has a harder time protecting itself as it ages.
- Gender- certain diseases are more common among members of one gender (men- heart disease, women- breast cancer)
- Ethnicity- African are more likely to develop high blood pressure, Mexican Americans- higher risk of diabetes, Asians lower risk of heart disease, European decent- higher risk of heart disease.
- Heredity- You can inherit chances of developing certain disease just as you inherit your hair or eye color.
Name and explain three lifestyle diseases
Cardiovascular diseases-Treating cardiovascular diseases: Diet and Exercise, Medicines, Surgery, Transplants
•Preventing cardiovascular diseases: Relax, trim the fat, hold the salt, keep your weight healthy, don’t smoke, get moving
Exercise reduces Blood Pressure
•High blood pressure (above 140/90) is the main cause of Heart Attack and Stroke
Exercise prevents Atherosclerosis (clogged arteries)
•Exercise reduces cholesterol plaques that clog arteries and can lead to stroke and heart attack
Diabetes-
•A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood-glucose levels result.
(Elevated and sustained high blood glucose levels)
•Type 1- body’s inability to produce insulin (born with)
•Type 2- body’s inability to respond to insulin (develop)
Diabetic- 6.5 and above
Pre- 5.7-6.4
Not- 5.6 and below
How to manage diabetes
Increase insulin sensitivity
Control blood glucose
Control Weight/Lower body fat
Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease
Name two types of cancer, causes and examples
A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.
•Tumors are a mass of uncontrolled growing cells that form a clump.
•Malignant- invade and destroys healthy tissue
•Benign- harmless cell mass
•Causes:
•Certain viruses (HPV)
•Radiation (UV rays, X-rays)
•Chemicals in tobacco smoke
Types of Cancer
- Breast
- Prostate
How to prevent cancer
Don’t’ smoke! •Wear sunscreen •Eat your fruit and cut the fat •Stay active •Get regular medical chec
Explain hereditary diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal chromosomes or by defective genes inherited from one or both parents.
- Single-cell diseases- when one gene out of 30,000 to 40,000 genes has a harmful mutation.
- Complex Diseases- More than one gene influences the onset of a disease
What are immune disorders
The immune system does not function properly resulting in a immune disorder.
•Some are relatively mild (allergies); others can be life threatening(AID
Define physical activity, physical fitness, regular physical activity
Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in an expenditure of energy
• Physical fitness
A measure of a person’s ability to perform physical activities that require endurance, strength, or flexibility.
•Regular physical activity
A pattern of physical activity is regular if activities are performed in some order
Name five importance of physical activities
Exercise can help prevent depression. In fact, recent studies have shown that exercise was found to be just as effective (despite a slower initial response) as antidepressant medication for treatment of depression.
•Exercise reduces health problems , making you feel better
•Exercise helps you sleep better
•Exercise controls weight, enhancing self-esteem
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How Physical Activity Impacts Health •Helps control weight. •Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety. •Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. •Reduces the risk of developing colon cancer. •Helps reduce blood pressure in people who already have high blood pressure. •Causes the development of ne
Name five diseases that are due to physical inactivity
ysical inactivity
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Stroke
- Obesity
- Type II Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Colorectal cancer
- Stress and Anxiety
- Osteo-arthritis
- Osteoporosis
- Low back pain
Autoimmune diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammation of the lining of the joints, leading to pain and swelling typically in the hands and feet.
Type 1 diabetes-not enough insulin is produced by the body
Multiple sclerosis-disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.
In MS, resulting nerve damage disrupts communication between the brain and the body.
What is the environment
Environment as it relate to health as all physical, mental and biological factors external to a person, and all related behaviors. Humans interact with the environment constantly which affect the quality of healthy life
Name some physical and social factors that affect health
Naturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandvolcanoeruptions
• Humanactivitiessuchas:improperdisposalofwaste,airpollutionandwater pollution.
• Climatic change such as high temperatures due to the depletion of the ozone
SOCIAL FACTORS
• Influence of work: Continuing anxiety from work, be it academic or occupational work increases insecurity, low self esteem, stress, among others. Such psychological risks accumulate during life and increase the chance of poor mental health and premature death.
• Culture: Some cultural practices such as female genital mutilation and widowhood rites poses the individual to various health issues such as UTI’s and HIV AIDS.
• Personallifestylessuchasphysicalactivities,eatinghabitandsleepinghabitand excessive drinking and smoking habit.
What is public health
Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities and individuals.
What are the roles of public health
creates awareness on some medical conditions and how to prevent them.
• Ithelpsdetecthealthissuesasearlyaspossibleandrespondsappropriatelyto avoid development of disease.
• Itpromoteshealthybehaviorssuchaspersonalhygiene,goodsleeppattern and physical activities
• Respondstodisastersandassistcommunitiesinrecovery
