Health And Lifestyle

Question 1

What are the different types of nutrients required in the body?

Answer 1

Carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water

Question 2

Why is fibre important in our diets

Answer 2

Fibre provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut to prevent constipation

Question 3

Why is water so important to the human body

Answer 3

Water is needed in the body because it is in all cells and bodily fluids

Question 4

What is meant by a balanced diet

Answer 4

A balanced diet contains the right nutrients in the correct amounts

Question 5

Why are vitamins and minerals needed by the body and in what foods are they found

Answer 5

Vitamins and minerals are found in fruits and vegetables and are needed to keep you healthy

Question 6

Why do we need carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in our diet

Answer 6

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, lipids are a store of energy and protect and insulate the body’s organs, and proteins are needed to repair tissues and to grow

Question 7

What is the test for starch

Answer 7

Add iodine, a food containing starch will turn the iodine from yellow/orange to blue/black

Question 8

What is the test for protein

Answer 8

Add sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate to a solution of the food, it will change from pale blue to purple if protein is present

Question 9

If a person eats too much food they may become very overweight, which word describes this condition

Answer 9

Obese

Question 10

What are the main structures in the gut

Answer 10

Gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Question 11

What is the name of the tiny structures lining the wall of the small intestine, which increases the surface area

Answer 11

Villi

Question 12

What is the purpose of digestion

Answer 12

Digestion breaks down large molecules into small molecules (nutrients) which can then pass into the blood

Question 13

What is the name of the catalysts, found in the digestive system, that breaks down large molecules

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

What are the three types of enzymes found in the digestive system

Answer 14

Carbohydrase, protease and lipase

Question 15

Why are the bacteria that feed on fibre in the large intestine important

Answer 15

They make useful vitamins (such as vitamin k) which are then absorbed into the blodd

Question 16

What is the product when starch is broken down by carbohydrase

Answer 16

Sugars

Question 17

Why does the stomach contain acid

Answer 17

It helps digestion and kills harmful microorganisms in food

Question 18

Protease enzymes are made in the stomach and small intestine, but what type of food do they digest, and what are the products

Answer 18

Protease enzymes digest protein, breaking it down into amino acids

Question 19

Where in the digestive system are lipids broken, and by which enzyme

Answer 19

Lipids are digested in the small intestine by the enzyme lipase, producing fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

Lipids are difficult to digest, but the lipase enzymes are helped by which other fluid in the small intestine

Answer 20

Bile

Question 21

What is the name of chemicals that alter the way your body works

Answer 21

Drugs

Question 22

What does it mean if someone is addicted to a drug

Answer 22

It means they have to take the drug to feel normal, and if they don’t take it they suffer withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, sweating and anxiety

Question 23

Drinking alcoholic drinks can alter behaviour, why

Answer 23

Alcohol contains ethanol which is a depressant drug. It affects the nervous system, slowing your reactions

Question 24

What are the long term effects of alcohol in the body

Answer 24

Liver damage, brain damage, stomach ulcers and heart disease

Question 25

Why should pregnant women not drink alcohol

Answer 25

Drinking alcohol increases the risk of sill birth, miscarriage, premature birth and low birth weight. It can also effect the development of the fetus causing Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome

Question 26

What is the addictive drug found in tobacco and what are its effects

Answer 26

Nicotine, it is a stimulant and speeds up the nervous system, speeding up the heart rate and narrowing arteries

Question 27

Name two illnesses linked to smoking

Answer 27

Heart disease, some cancers, breathing difficulties, heart attacks and strokes

Question 28

What is the term that describes a non smoker breathing the smoke from a smoker

Answer 28

Passive smoking

Question 29

What are three harmful chemicals in tobacco

Answer 29

Tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide

Question 30

Why should pregnant women not smoke

Answer 30

Smoking increases the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and can affect the development of the fetus. Smoking near babies and young children can increase the risk of cot death, bronchitis and pneumonia