Health and Fitness

Question 1

What does the systolic number represent?

Answer 1

The maximum pressure produced by the heart.

Question 2

What does the diastolic number represent?

Answer 2

The pressure between heart beats.

Question 3

What are the ways that heart rate can be increased?

Answer 3

• Being overweight
• Lots of salt in the diet
• Smoking
• Alcohol

Question 4

What are the ways that heart rate can be decreased?

Answer 4

• Exercising regularly

- Having a healthy balanced diet

Question 5

What are the effects of high blood pressure?

Answer 5

• Blood vessels burst, leads to strokes

- Kidney damage

Question 6

What are the effects of low blood pressure?

Answer 6

• Poor circulation
• Dizziness
• Fainting

Question 7

How is fitness measured?

Answer 7

• Strength (weights)
• Speed (sprint test)
• Flexibility (sit and reach)
• Agility (changing direction)
• Stamina (cardiovascular efficiency test)

Question 8

How does smoking increase heart rate?

Answer 8

• Nicotine directly increases heart rate
• Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells so they cannot carry as much oxygen so the heart rate increases to compensate

Question 9

How is heart disease caused?

Answer 9

1) High blood pressure causes damage to the artery walls
2) Fatty plaque (cholesterol) is laid down in the walls to repair them
3) This narrows the coronary artery and reduces blood flow
4) Can lead to a thrombosis which could block the artery

Question 10

How does excess fat and salt in the diet cause heart disease?

Answer 10

• High levels of saturated fat causes high cholesterol

- High levels of salt increase blood pressure