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Pure Geography > Health and Diseases > Flashcards

Health and Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

health is…

A

state of complete physical, mental & social well-being

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2
Q

what is Infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

no. of infants that die before reaching 1 year of age per 1000 live births per year

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3
Q

life expectancy is….

A

avg no. of years from time of birth that a person can expect to live

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4
Q

LDCs tend to have higher/lower infant mortality rate, higher/lower life expectancy

A

IMR: higher
Life expectancy: lower

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5
Q

Social factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

A

education
lifestyle choices
diet

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6
Q

Economic factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

A

poverty & affluence
investment in healthcare

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7
Q

Environmental factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

A

Living conditions
access to safe drinking water
proper sanitation

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8
Q

How does education affect health of people?

A

education> ppl know how to live healthy>have higher income>enable better medical treatment

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9
Q

how does lifestyle choices affect people’s health?

A

smoking in LDCs make up 80% of 1B smokers
healthy lifestyle reduce risk of diseases> high quality of life

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10
Q

How does diet affect health of people?

A

poor diet> malnutrition
excess nutrients> overweight/obese,
both cannot function properly

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11
Q

how does poverty affect health of people?

A

limits purchasing power>cannot afford healthcare>face health risks
they also cannot afford vaccinations

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12
Q

how does investment in healthcare and access to health services affect health of people?

A

higher investment in healthcare>more available, accessible, affordable to people>more people have capacity to get healthcare

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13
Q

How does living conditions affect health of people?

A

durable house: protect against extreme condition
sufficient living space: no overcrowding reduce risk of virus outbreak

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14
Q

how does safe drinking water affect health of people?

A

less water-borne diseases e.g. cholera
less breeding ground for mosquitoes

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15
Q

how does proper sanitation affect health of people?

A

control & manage human waste, solid/liquid waste
reduce amt of waste for pest to feed on>less pests

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16
Q

2 types of disease in both LDCs and DCs

A

Degenerative
Infectious

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17
Q

infectious diseases are…

A

communicable/contagious transmitted by microorganisms
more prevalent in LDCs

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18
Q

Degenerative diseases…

A

are not contagious, gradual break down
more prevalent in DCs b/c people lifestyle & diet

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19
Q

2 different scales of disease outbreak

A

epidemic
pandemic

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20
Q

epidemic is…

A

infectious disease spread rapidly to many ppl in short time
2010 cholera haiti

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21
Q

pandemic is…

A

spread of disease across large area
e.g. SARS 2003

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22
Q

how is malaria transmitted

A

female mosquito(anopheles)

23
Q

mode of malaria transmission

A

human-mosquito-human chain
human infected, mosquito bite blood>infected then infect another human

24
Q

1 social factor that contribute to spread of malaria

A

lack of proper sanitation

25
Q

1 economic factor that contribute to spread of malaria

A

limited provision of and access to healthcare

26
Q

3 environmental factors that contribute to spread of malaria

A

overcrowded living conditions
poor drainage & stagnant water
effect of climate

27
Q

how does limited provision of & access to healthcare contribute to spread of malaria?

A

costly for treatment
people tend to seek cheaper & ineffective treatment

28
Q

how does overcrowded living conditions contribute to spread of malaria?

A

large no. of people together
enable diseases to spread quickly & easily b/c people tend to share same spaces, use same items

29
Q

how does poor drainage & stagnant water contribute to spread of malaria?

A

poor drainage>formation of stagnant water
suitable for mosquitoes to breed

30
Q

how does climate contribute to spread of malaria?

A

temperature, precipitation & relative humidity can make it more suitable for mosquitoes to thrive

31
Q

state 2 social impacts of malaria

A
  1. death rate
  2. infant mortality rate
32
Q

state 3 economic impacts of malaria

A

burden of malaria on households
cost of healthcare
loss of productivity

33
Q

describe impact of malaria in terms of death rate

A

0.9 Mill out of 216 mill ppl died from malaria cases worldwide

34
Q

describe impact of malaria in terms of infant mortality rate IMR

A

in Nigeria 140 infants died out of every 1000 babies
when pregnant woman infected with malaria, can affect unborn child

35
Q

describe impact of malaria in terms of burden on households

A

as high as 34% of household income in Ghana

36
Q

describe impact of malaria in terms of cost of healthcare

A

more funds set aside for healthcare to cover various costs such as construction & maintenance of hospital and clinics

37
Q

describe impact of malaria in terms of loss of productivity

A

less people> more people sick> poor health> unable to work > slower economic growth

38
Q

What is HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus, destroy white blood cells(fights infections)

39
Q

What is AIDS

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome
body lose ability to fight infections
final stage of HIV

40
Q

How to transmit HIV/AIDS

A

sexual contact
infected needles
blood transfusion
pregnant mother to baby

41
Q

what is relocation diffusion

A

when disease spread to new areas outside current geographical range whilst still present in location of origin

42
Q

what is expansion diffusion

A

when the spreading disease has a source and diffuses outwards into new areas

43
Q

difference between expansion diffusion and relocation diffusion

A

expansion:
spread outwards
happens when people interact
relocation:
outside current range
spreads great distance
happens when community migrates

44
Q

4 social factors which contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

education
lifestyle choices
social stigma related to disease
lapses in medical practices

45
Q

2 economic factors which contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

vice trades
mobility

46
Q

describe how education contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

ppl may not understand transmission of HIV/AIDS, more vulnerable as they dont know how to protect themselves

47
Q

describe how lifestyle choices contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

drug abuse, unsafe sexual practice
drug can affect people’s judgement

48
Q

describe how social stigma to the disease contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

HIV people discriminated against, disapproval from healthcare and/or family

49
Q

describe how lapses in medical practices contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

blood transfusions might be tainted with HIV/AIDS

50
Q

describe how vice trades contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

vice trades is business e.g. drug trafficking & prostitution
ppl with limited education and job training no job security > low pay > become sex workers

51
Q

describe how mobility contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

A

modern transportation accelerates spread of HIV/AIDS
men who move to another area to work might feel tempted to engage in risk-taking activities

52
Q

Social impacts of HIV/AIDS

A

life expectancy and IMR
orphan crisis

53
Q

Economic impacts of HIV/AIDS

A

loss of productivity > lower economic growth
cost of healthcare

Pure Geography (7 decks)

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