Health and Diseases

Question 1

health is…

Answer 1

state of complete physical, mental & social well-being

Question 2

what is Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 2

no. of infants that die before reaching 1 year of age per 1000 live births per year

Question 3

life expectancy is….

Answer 3

avg no. of years from time of birth that a person can expect to live

Question 4

LDCs tend to have higher/lower infant mortality rate, higher/lower life expectancy

Answer 4

IMR: higher
Life expectancy: lower

Question 5

Social factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

Answer 5

education
lifestyle choices
diet

Question 6

Economic factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

Answer 6

poverty & affluence
investment in healthcare

Question 7

Environmental factors affecting health of people DCs and LDCs

Answer 7

Living conditions
access to safe drinking water
proper sanitation

Question 8

How does education affect health of people?

Answer 8

education> ppl know how to live healthy>have higher income>enable better medical treatment

Question 9

how does lifestyle choices affect people’s health?

Answer 9

smoking in LDCs make up 80% of 1B smokers
healthy lifestyle reduce risk of diseases> high quality of life

Question 10

How does diet affect health of people?

Answer 10

poor diet> malnutrition
excess nutrients> overweight/obese,
both cannot function properly

Question 11

how does poverty affect health of people?

Answer 11

limits purchasing power>cannot afford healthcare>face health risks
they also cannot afford vaccinations

Question 12

how does investment in healthcare and access to health services affect health of people?

Answer 12

higher investment in healthcare>more available, accessible, affordable to people>more people have capacity to get healthcare

Question 13

How does living conditions affect health of people?

Answer 13

durable house: protect against extreme condition
sufficient living space: no overcrowding reduce risk of virus outbreak

Question 14

how does safe drinking water affect health of people?

Answer 14

less water-borne diseases e.g. cholera
less breeding ground for mosquitoes

Question 15

how does proper sanitation affect health of people?

Answer 15

control & manage human waste, solid/liquid waste
reduce amt of waste for pest to feed on>less pests

Question 16

2 types of disease in both LDCs and DCs

Answer 16

Degenerative
Infectious

Question 17

infectious diseases are…

Answer 17

communicable/contagious transmitted by microorganisms
more prevalent in LDCs

Question 18

Degenerative diseases…

Answer 18

are not contagious, gradual break down
more prevalent in DCs b/c people lifestyle & diet

Question 19

2 different scales of disease outbreak

Answer 19

epidemic
pandemic

Question 20

epidemic is…

Answer 20

infectious disease spread rapidly to many ppl in short time
2010 cholera haiti

Question 21

pandemic is…

Answer 21

spread of disease across large area
e.g. SARS 2003

Question 22

how is malaria transmitted

Answer 22

female mosquito(anopheles)

Question 23

mode of malaria transmission

Answer 23

human-mosquito-human chain
human infected, mosquito bite blood>infected then infect another human

Question 24

1 social factor that contribute to spread of malaria

Answer 24

lack of proper sanitation

Question 25

1 economic factor that contribute to spread of malaria

Answer 25

limited provision of and access to healthcare

Question 26

3 environmental factors that contribute to spread of malaria

Answer 26

overcrowded living conditions poor drainage & stagnant water effect of climate

Question 27

how does limited provision of & access to healthcare contribute to spread of malaria?

Answer 27

costly for treatment people tend to seek cheaper & ineffective treatment

Question 28

how does overcrowded living conditions contribute to spread of malaria?

Answer 28

large no. of people together enable diseases to spread quickly & easily b/c people tend to share same spaces, use same items

Question 29

how does poor drainage & stagnant water contribute to spread of malaria?

Answer 29

poor drainage>formation of stagnant water suitable for mosquitoes to breed

Question 30

how does climate contribute to spread of malaria?

Answer 30

temperature, precipitation & relative humidity can make it more suitable for mosquitoes to thrive

Question 31

state 2 social impacts of malaria

Answer 31

1. death rate 2. infant mortality rate

Question 32

state 3 economic impacts of malaria

Answer 32

burden of malaria on households cost of healthcare loss of productivity

Question 33

describe impact of malaria in terms of death rate

Answer 33

0.9 Mill out of 216 mill ppl died from malaria cases worldwide

Question 34

describe impact of malaria in terms of infant mortality rate IMR

Answer 34

in Nigeria 140 infants died out of every 1000 babies when pregnant woman infected with malaria, can affect unborn child

Question 35

describe impact of malaria in terms of burden on households

Answer 35

as high as 34% of household income in Ghana

Question 36

describe impact of malaria in terms of cost of healthcare

Answer 36

more funds set aside for healthcare to cover various costs such as construction & maintenance of hospital and clinics

Question 37

describe impact of malaria in terms of loss of productivity

Answer 37

less people> more people sick> poor health> unable to work > slower economic growth

Question 38

What is HIV

Answer 38

human immunodeficiency virus, destroy white blood cells(fights infections)

Question 39

What is AIDS

Answer 39

acquired immune deficiency syndrome body lose ability to fight infections final stage of HIV

Question 40

How to transmit HIV/AIDS

Answer 40

sexual contact infected needles blood transfusion pregnant mother to baby

Question 41

what is relocation diffusion

Answer 41

when disease spread to new areas outside current geographical range whilst still present in location of origin

Question 42

what is expansion diffusion

Answer 42

when the spreading disease has a source and diffuses outwards into new areas

Question 43

difference between expansion diffusion and relocation diffusion

Answer 43

expansion: spread outwards happens when people interact relocation: outside current range spreads great distance happens when community migrates

Question 44

4 social factors which contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 44

education lifestyle choices social stigma related to disease lapses in medical practices

Question 45

2 economic factors which contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 45

vice trades mobility

Question 46

describe how education contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 46

ppl may not understand transmission of HIV/AIDS, more vulnerable as they dont know how to protect themselves

Question 47

describe how lifestyle choices contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 47

drug abuse, unsafe sexual practice drug can affect people's judgement

Question 48

describe how social stigma to the disease contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 48

HIV people discriminated against, disapproval from healthcare and/or family

Question 49

describe how lapses in medical practices contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 49

blood transfusions might be tainted with HIV/AIDS

Question 50

describe how vice trades contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 50

vice trades is business e.g. drug trafficking & prostitution ppl with limited education and job training no job security > low pay > become sex workers

Question 51

describe how mobility contribute to spread of HIV/AIDS

Answer 51

modern transportation accelerates spread of HIV/AIDS men who move to another area to work might feel tempted to engage in risk-taking activities

Question 52

Social impacts of HIV/AIDS

Answer 52

life expectancy and IMR orphan crisis

Question 53

Economic impacts of HIV/AIDS

Answer 53

loss of productivity > lower economic growth cost of healthcare