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Pure Geography > Global Tourism > Flashcards

Global Tourism Flashcards

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1
Q

define tourism

A

activities of tourists either international or domestic

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2
Q

domestic tourism

A

tourism within a tourist’s own country

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3
Q

international tourism

A

tourism outside of own country

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4
Q

define tourists

A

people who go to & stay in places outside their own environment for >24h but <1 year

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5
Q

8 types of tourism [e.g. dark]

A

honeypot, dark, pilgrimage, heritage, MICE, medical, theme park, film induced

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6
Q

describe honeypot tourism and give a example

A

attract people b/c site scenic beauty
ex: grand canyon, eiffel tower

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7
Q

describe MICE tourism and give a example

A

Meeting, Incentives, Conventions, Events
ex: marina bay sands expo & convention centre

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8
Q

describe medical tourism and give a example

A

undergo medical procedures to enhance/restore health
ex: south korea, plastic surgery

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9
Q

describe theme park tourism and give a example

A

amusement park w/ central theme based on film, history/education
ex: disneyland shanghai

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10
Q

describe heritage tourism and give a example

A

experience culture, understand history
ex: great wall of china

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11
Q

describe film-induced tourism and give a example

A

visit locations in films
ex: avatar in zhangjiajie national park

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12
Q

describe dark tourism and give a example

A

associated with death/tragedy
ex: auschwitz, poland concentration camp

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13
Q

describe pilgrimage tourism and give a example

A

take part in religious activity
ex: mecca, saudi arabia

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14
Q

3 groups of people in promoting tourism

A

media
govt
international organisations

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15
Q

What is media?

A

channels through which news & info are communicated to public

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16
Q

How does media influence people’s decision to visit a place?

A

positive report, e.g. interesting culture/scenery can encourage people to visit, vice versa

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17
Q

examples on media promoting/affecting tourism

A

kidnapping of tourists at Singamata reef resort, sabah malaysia, deter visitors
nai harn beach thailand one of top 10 beaches in 2015 travellers choice

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18
Q

how does govt. play a role in tourism?

A

attract tourists & extend length of stay
set up agencies, ensure visitors’ safety
involved in funding & building tourist structure

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19
Q

Example of govt promoting tourism

A

Singapore Tourism Board is govt agency, facilitates investment of tourism business

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20
Q

how does international organisations promote tourism?

A

different countries work together to meet needs of economic development & environmental sustainability

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21
Q

examples of international organisations:

A

OECD, org. of economic cooperation & development:
produce guidelines and job opportunities
UNWTO, united nations world tourism org:
improve global tourism knowledge
WHO:
provide situation updates and health advisories

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22
Q

3 reasons for growth of global tourism

A

development in technology
demand factors
destination factors

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23
Q

2 FACTORS due to development in tech which promoted growth in tourism

A

better & affordable transport
ease of access to info

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24
Q

elaborate on better and affordable transport

A

improved safety, short travelling time, low costs
commercial airlines in 1950 vs now
can have non-stop flying, larger fuel, more comfortable, more seat accomodations

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25
Q

explain how ease of access to info promote growth of global tourism

A

online booking & research
less hassle, more available & accessible
people feel safer

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26
Q

3 demand factors that promote growth of tourism

A

higher disposable income
changing lifestyle
increase in leisure time

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27
Q

EXAMPLE of how ease of access to info promote tourism

A

major airlines such as singapore airlines
thai airways, jetstar allow booking and arrangements to be done easily

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28
Q

define disposable income

A

amount of income left to a person after to spend paying taxes

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29
Q

How does higher disposable income lead to growth in global tourism?

A

high income means people can spend more on goods services/activities that improve quality of life

30
Q

How does increase in leisure time lead to growth in global tourism?

A

longer weekend breaks , travel plans are more common

31
Q

define leisure time

A

part of a day, week or year when people have no work commitments

32
Q

define changing lifestyle

A

change in way people live throughout their lifetime from generation to generation

33
Q

how does changing lifestyle promote tourism?

A

rapid economic growth -> faster pace of life
people more inclined to travel as way to relax & take break from work

34
Q

how does changing lifestyle promote tourism?

A
35
Q

3 destination factors that promote growth of global tourism

A

Attractions
investment in infrastructure and services
access to info

36
Q

define attractions

A

features/qualities that can be natural/ man-made that makes a place enjoyable/interesting

37
Q

Example of attractions that promote tourism

A

dubai’s burj al-arab
palm islands

38
Q

4 main factors that lead to regional fluctuations and affect tourism

A

Disasters
recession
political situations
diseases

39
Q

How does disasters affect tourism?

A

discourage tourists b/c fear for own safety
disrupt essential tourist infrastructure

40
Q

example of disaster affecting tourism

A

2011 japan earthquake and tohoku nuclear meltdown
significant drop in tourists from 8.2M to 6.2M

41
Q

how does recession affect tourism?

A

people may lose their jobs, less disp income, save money, less likely to travel
e.g. greece morroco egypt, tourist stay for shorter time

42
Q

define recession

A

period of general slowdown in economic actvities

43
Q

How does political situations affect tourism?

A

poses danger to tourists as conflict can disrupt services, destroy infrastructure

44
Q

how does disease affect tourism?

A

Tourists do not want to be infected
events postponed/cancelled

45
Q

3 +ve impacts of tourism [economic]

A

employment opportunities
growth in income
development in infrastructure & facilities

46
Q

4 -ve impact of tourism [economic]

A

economic leakages
seasonal unemployment
shortage of services
underuse of facilities

47
Q

elaborate on employment opportunities

A

growth in tourism industry creates many direct jobs e.g. hotel operators, souvenir shops and indirect jobs e.g. taxi driver, restaurants

48
Q

elaborate on growth in income

A

growth in tourism generates more revenue for countries from spending of money by tourists

49
Q

elaborate on economic leakages

A
50
Q

elaborate on seasonal unemployment

A

certain tourist activities are affected by climatic conditions-»jobs might be unavailable after a season

51
Q

example of seasonal unemployment

A

sapporo japan, mountain ski resort operators from dec to feb, for activities such as skiing and snowboarding

52
Q

elaborate underuse of facilities

A

facilities built specifically for certain events may become underused

53
Q

example on underuse of facilities

A

2008 summer olympic games bejing, deteriorated needed maintenance cost

54
Q

1 positive impact of tourism [socio-cultural]

A

preservation of culture & local customs

55
Q

2 -ve impact of tourism [socio-cultural]

A

dilution of culture & local customs
increase in crime

56
Q

elaborate preservation of culture

A

preservation can help locals to learn more about history of country and stronger sense of belonging

57
Q

example for preservation of culture and local custom

A

christ church in malacca, malaysia,relic of colonial rule

58
Q

elaborate on dilution of culture

A

local cultural activities and religious rituals modified to suit tourists, not authentic, become commercialised

59
Q

elaborate on increased crime

A

tourists are easy target for scamming/ cheating

60
Q

positive impact of tourism [environmental]

A

conservation of natural environments

61
Q

-ve impact of tourism [environmental]

A

increased congestion
vandalism
littering and pollution
destruction of habitat
carbon footprint
[common sense]

62
Q

example of vandalism

A

great wall of china 10M people go per year, thousands of stones covered in graffiti

63
Q

example of destruction of habitat

A

Red Sea Coast Egypt, 1.2M tourist go snorkelling, damage reef

64
Q

example of carbon footprints increment

A

passenger from sg to kl is 30kg of CO2

65
Q

2 types of tensions caused by tourism

A

tension between
tourist & local
tourist & environment

66
Q

example of tensions between tourists & locals

A

bali indonesia, island received 2.9M visitors, only have 4.2M locals. locals will experience shortage of services

67
Q

example of tensions between tourists & environment.

A

Machu Picchu, Peru.
3300 tourist per day, use ‘inca trail’ b/c of scenic view, however they eroded trail and leave behind trash

68
Q

what are the groups responsible for protecting tourist areas?

A

local
visitor
tour operator
non governmental organisations
planning authorities

69
Q

elaborate on how visitor should behave to manage tourism impact.

A

behave responsibly, tourism sustainability group set up in 2004 for responsible tourists,
Limitation: there are ignorant visitors >damage tourist site>dilute culture, identity

70
Q

how tour operators help manage impact of tourism?

A

promote effort in conserving environment
ex: Phuket Alternative Tours > conduct sustainable tourism
L: driven by profits, ignore guidelines

71
Q

How non-governmental organisations help manage impact of tourism?

A

design guidelines, support efforts of various stakeholders in managing impact of tourism
ex: international ecotourism society provide training & technical assistance
L: financial constraint, no funding

72
Q

how planning authorities help manage impact of tourism?

A

enforce certain rules, regulation, value, principle for sustainable tourism
ex: STB put effort in attracting tourist & implement measures to conserve national heritage
L: stakeholders might not agree > lack of cooperation

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