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Biology GCSE > Health and disease > Flashcards

Health and disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A

State of physical and mental wellbeing

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2
Q

What do diseases cause?

A

Ill health

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3
Q

What are communicable diseases?

A

Those that can be spread from person to person or between animals and people

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4
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites

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5
Q

How are communicable diseases described?

A

Contagious

Infectious

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6
Q

Give some examples of communicable diseases

A

Measles
Malaria
Cold
Flue

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7
Q

What are non-communicable diseases?

A

Those that can not spread between people or between animals and people
Last a long time
Get worse slowly

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8
Q

Give some examples of non-communicable diseases

A

Asthma
Cancer
Coronary heart disease

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9
Q

Describe how immune system problems can interact

A

People with immune system problems have increased chance of suffering from communicable diseases because their body is less likely to defend itself against the pathogen that causes the disease

Sometimes a pathogen can trigger allergic reactions such as skin rashes or asthma

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10
Q

Describe how cancer can interact

A

Some types of cancer can be triggered by infection by viruses Eg. hepatitis can cause long term infections in the liver or HPV can cause cervical cancer

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11
Q

Describe how physical illness can interact with mental illness

A

Depression can be made worse by severe physical illness especially if they interfere with normal everyday functioning

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12
Q

Give some examples of other factors that can influence your health

A 
Diet
Exercise
Smoking
Stress
Alcohol
Life situation eg. wealth, access to medicine and healthcare
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13
Q

What are risk factors?

A

Factors that are linked to an increase in the likelihood of developing a certain disease during your lifetime
Often aspects of someones lifestyle
Can also be the environment or genetic

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14
Q

What are non-communicable diseases caused by?

A

A mix of environment and genetic risk factors

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15
Q

How do lifestyle factors impact?

A

Locally
Nationally
Globally

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16
Q

How is smoking a risk factor?

A

Directly causes cardiovascular disease, lung disease and lung cancer - damages the arteries and the cells lining the lungs

17
Q

How is obesity a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

A

Make the body less sensitive or resistant to insulin

18
Q

How is alcohol a risk factor for liver disease?

A

Directly shown to cause it

19
Q

How is alcohol a risk factor for loss of brain function?

A

Neuron damage

Brain loses volume

20
Q

What is the name given to things which can cause cancer?

A

Carcinogens

21
Q

Give some examples of carcinogens

A

Ionising radiation such as UV

22
Q

How are risk factors identified?

A

By looking at correlations

23
Q

Correlation does not mean …

A

Causation

24
Q

Describe how non-communicable diseases affect finances

A

Human cost - many people, effect on family, bad quality of life, shorter duration of life
Financial cost- NHS, research, treatment, families may have to move or adapt home, patient may not be able to work (can affect country economy)

25
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth and division resulting in the changes that occur to the cells and results in the formation of a tumour (mass of cells)

26
Q

Describe the two things a tumour can be

A

Malignant

Benign

27
Q

What is meant by benign?

A

Grows until there is no more room
Tumour stays in one place rather than invading other tissues in the body
Isnt normally dangerous
Isnt cancerous

28
Q

What is meant by malignant?

A

Grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissue
Cells break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream
Cells break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream
Malignant cells invade healthy tissue elsewhere in the body and form secondary tumours
Dangerous - can be fatal - cancer

29
Q

What does having a risk factor for cancer mean?

A

Does not mean you will definitely get cancer but you are at an increased risk

30
Q

What has happened to cancer survival rates?

A

Increased due to medical advances

31
Q

Give some examples of risk factors for cancer

A 
Smoking
Bad diet
Lack of exercise
Obesity
UV exposure
Viral infection
32
Q

Describe how risk factors can be associated with genetics. Give an example

A

Inherit faulty genes that make you more susceptible to cancer
Eg. mutations (changes) in BRCA genes linked to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer

Biology GCSE (14 decks)

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