Health

Question 1

_____ are organic micronutrients that come from plants or animals, while _____ are inorganic elements that come from soil and water.

Answer 1

vitamins, minerals

We need precise amounts of various types of vitamins and minerals. E.g. you need 1,000 mg of calcium per day, but less than 10mg of vitamin C per day.”

Note that neither vitamins nor minerals contain “calories” or “Energy”

Question 2

Which mineral promotes bone density and is commonly found in dairy products, seaweeds, almonds, sesame, quinoa, spinach, and okra?

Answer 2

calcium

Your body doesn’t produce calcium, so you have to rely on your diet to get the calcium you need.

The average adult needs 1,000 mg of calcium per day. The amount increases to 1,200 mg per day for women over the age of 50 and men over the age of 71.

Question 3

Which type of organic compound is easy to digest and is common in breads, pastas, potatoes, fruit, and rice?

Answer 3

carbohydrates

Each gram of carbohydrates contains 4 calories of energy.

Simple carbohydrates are chains of sugar molecules that are easily digestible and are broken down for fast energy. Some examples include: sugar, fruit juice, concentrate, corn syrup, and high-fructose corn syrup.

Complex carbohydrates (starches) contain longer chains of sugar molecules, which takes the body longer to break down and provides longer lasting energy. Some examples include: beans, oatmeal, 100% whole-wheat bread, and quinoa

Question 4

What mineral conducts oxygen transfer in blood and can be found in lentils, red meat, poultry, beans, leafy vegetables, sesame seeds, and tofu?

Answer 4

iron

Not getting enough iron can lead to anemia (a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body).

Iron is needed to form haemoglobin, which is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 5

What type of compound helps generate energy and build muscle, and is naturally found in meats, legumes, nuts, grains, and eggs?

Answer 5

protein

A lack of protein can lead to fatigue and loss of muscle mass.

Proteins are complex shaped molecules made up of amino acids, of which there are 20 types.

Also note that a gram of protein carries 4 calories.

Question 6

What is a normal resting adult heart rate?

Answer 6

60-100 beats per minute (bpm)

An adult’s heart rate may fall below this range when sleeping, and may rise above this range when exercising or experiencing extreme stress.

Question 7

A person has a healthy blood pressure reading when the systolic blood pressure is less than ___ and the diastolic blood pressure is less than ___.

Answer 7

120, 80

The numbers make up a blood pressure reading; they are typically reported as a top and bottom number.

The top number, or systolic blood pressure, measures pressure on the arteries.

The bottom number, or diastolic blood pressure, measures pressure on the arteries between heartbeats.

Question 8

_____ exercise is cardiovascular in nature and strengthens endurance, whereas _____ exercise strengthens muscles.

Answer 8

Aerobic, anaerobic

Aerobic exercises primarily improves endurance and stamina and includes jogging and biking.

Anaerobic exercises mainly improves speed and power and includes weightlifting and and sit-ups.

Question 9

What is the name of the index that is dependent upon height and weight, and is used as a measure of body fat?

Answer 9

Body mass index

Body mass index (BMI) is broken up into 4 categories:

Underweight = less than 18.5
Normal weight = 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight = 25 - 29.9
Obesity = 30+