Children and Exercise Flashcards
What are the recommendations for children and exercise?
- At least 60 minutes moderate-vigorous activity daily
- Most daily activity should be aerobic
- Vigorous activity (strengthen muscle/bone) 3 x per week
What is the effect of exercise on the musculoskeletal system of children?
- May optimise growth
- Improper technique may damage articular cartilage/growth plate
Why is exercise in the heat not well-tolerated by children?
- Heat loss is less efficient
- Underdeveloped sweating mechanisms
How does growing bone differ anatomically to adult bone?
- Articular cartilage is thicker
- Junction between epiphyseal plate & metaphysics is vulnerable to disruption
- Tendon attachment sites are weak
- More resilient and elastic
What are the most common causes of sport injuries in children?
Collision/contact sports, bicycle/skating/skateboarding and overuse
What are the consequences of growth plate fractures?
Prevention of growth or stimulated growth
What is osteochondrosis?
Group of disorders affecting the growing skeleton as result of abnormal growth, injury or overuse
What is apophysitis?
Group of disorders causing inflammation of the apophysis
What are the different types of apophysitis?
Sever’s disease, Osgood-Schlatters, Sinding-Larsen Johansson, Little League Elbow
What is Sever’s disease?
Osteochondrosis of the heel
What is Osgood-Schlatters?
Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
What is Sinding-Larsen Johansson?
Apophysitis of the inferior pole of the patella
What is Little League Elbow?
Apophysitis of the medial epicondyle of the elbow
What are avulsion fractures?
Pieces of bone being pulled away from point of insertion due to stresses placed on bones through tendon of contracting muscle
What is spondylolysis?
Defect or fracture in bony structures of the spine (around 4th/5th lumbar vertebrae)
