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Human Geography > Health 1.1 > Flashcards

Health 1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is human development?

A

Looks at the standards of living within a country by looking at factors such as GDP, life expectancy, literacy rates, infant mortality rates and healthcare

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2
Q

What is Brandt’s north-south divide?

A

Draws a line across the middle of the earth, above Africa and China and then around Australia and New Zealand. It reflects how 80% of the world’s wealth comes from the north, but only 33% of world population, while 20% of wealth comes from the south, but 66% of the world population

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3
Q

Why can measuring development be complex and contested?

A

-can be difficult because it requires data, which can only be based off of recorded information. Therefore this ignores subsistence or informal/unpaid work.
-In developing countries, where births and deaths are not recorded, it’s harder to get accurate measures
-Individuals place importance on different things

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4
Q

What does the Gini Coefficient measure?

A

inequality in a country, with 0 being perfect equality and 100 being perfect inequality

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5
Q

What does GDP measure? How does the world bank use this?

A

Gross domestic product:
total value of goods and services produced by a country each year to show level of income.
The world bank uses GDP to divide countries into HICs, NEEs and LICs

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6
Q

What are the advantages of measuring development through GDP?

A

-widely used
-easily measured
-Measured using PPP- purchasing power parity- meaning countries can be compared

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of using GDP as a development indicator?

A
  • doesn’t account for cost of living
    -doesn’t show levels of inequality
    -no guarantee money is spent on development
    -Many argue development should be measured on a continuum rather than placing countries into groups
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8
Q

What is HDI

A

Human Development Index is a composite measure that uses 3 indicators:
-GDP
-life expectancy
-literacy

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9
Q

What are the benefits of measuring development using HDI?

A

spots anomalies
brings human welfare to the centre
gives economically poor countries recognition for improvements in wellbeing

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10
Q

What are the drawbacks of using HDI to measure human development?

A

Still just an average and human Rights, democracy, environmental quality and engagement of voters are not included

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11
Q

What is the happy planet index?

A

less traditional method of measuring development that is based on 3 indicators:
-life expectancy
-experienced wellbeing
-ecological footprint

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12
Q

How is the happy planet index measured?

A

Experienced well-being x life expectancy divided by ecological footprint

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13
Q

What are the benefits of using the happy planet index?

A

Offers a different perspective on development
Considers people’s opinions about their own wellbeing
Includes environmental aspects

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14
Q

What are the limitations of the happy planet index?

A

It’s not used widely and some organisations don’t take it seriously
Ignores political freedom and human rights
Experienced wellbeing is subjective

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15
Q

What is the UK’s % on the Gini Index?

A

0.34

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16
Q

How in inequality wordwide changing?

A

The world’s poorest countries are the most unequal, and with few exceptions like Greece, wealthier countries have also become more unequal

17
Q

How did life expectancy change in Malawi between 1980 and 2014?

A

1980= 45
2014= 63

18
Q

How has infant mortality changed in the UK per 1000 live births between 1980 and 2014?

A

1980= 12
2014= 4

19
Q

How has life expectancy changed in South Korea between 1980 and 2014?

A

1980= 66
2014= 82

20
Q

What % of GDP comes from the informal economy in Uganda?

A

60%

21
Q

How has HDI values changed worldwide since 1990?

A

2 billion people have been lifted out of low human development and almost every country has made gains in HDI in that period

22
Q

What did the 2012 HPI show?

A

-we are still not living on a happy planet. No country has achieved high and sustainable wellbeing and only 9 are close to doing so
-the scores of many HICs were reduced by ecological footprint
-the USA with the largest economy placed 105th out of 151 countries

23
Q

What are two examples of other ways of measuring development?

A

Sharia Law and Bolivia under Evo Morales

24
Q

How does sharia law show development?

A

Sharia law is the law of Islam.
God sent prophets and books to show Muslims how to have happiness and success after this life. Welfare is based off of the fulfilments of necessities and needs and comforts. However, it is one of the strictest laws and doesn’t sit well with the UDHR.
Interestingly, it applies to some of the poorest countries (Yemen) and some of the richest countries (UAE).

25
Q

How does Bolivia under Evo Morales show development?

A

Evo Morales became the first indigenous president of Bolivia in 2005. His election followed years of excluding indigenous people, an economy with high inflation and poverty
Morales, as a socialist, transformed Bolivia. He first revolutionized Bolivia’s oil and gas and they now use royalties and profits it earns to fund social project that fight poverty. Extreme poverty has reduced by 43%, but they remain to be one of South America’s poorest countries

26
Q

Why is education important to development?

A

-skilled workforce creates better jobs, higher wages and higher quality of life
-wider voting rights, human rights and health improvements
-informed diet, health and hygeine
-primary education is a right to all

27
Q

How many children worldwide still don’t have access to primary school?

A

remains inaccessible to 60 million children of primary school age worldwide

28
Q

How many primary school children don’t have access to school in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

32 million

29
Q

What are some of the trends seen about the age of children not in school?

A

-there was a peak in 1995 of just over 100 million children not in school
-This number has significantly decreased, dropping from 100m to 60m by 2005
-Sub Saharan Africa accounts for about 3/5ths of children not in school, while North America and Europe have nearly all their children in school

30
Q

Why is the number of people in school more positive than initially shown?

A

Changes due to population growth are not accounted for in numbers, but are in percentages

31
Q

Why are children not in school?

A

-need to work and earn money
-need to help at home or look after someone
-economic or accessibility reasons
-Payment for dowry over school
-gender reasons in Arab states

32
Q

What is the % of girls in the world’s non-schooled population?

A

54%

Human Geography (22 decks)

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