Headlines

Question 1

What are the components of a news story? (in order)

Answer 1

Headline
Lead
Body

Question 2

What are the importances of headlines?

Answer 2

They have the highest readership
Provide a summary of the story’s content
Entice the readers into reading the article

Question 3

What does a headline describe?

Answer 3

The essence of a complicated news story in a few words

Question 4

How does a headline inform and what does it arouse?

Answer 4

Quickly and accurately
The reader’s curiosity

Question 5

What do headlines encapsulate?

Answer 5

Not only the content but also the orientation

Question 6

What parts do headlines generally consist of?

Answer 6

Primary head: visually more prominent and more important
Secondary head: a smaller headline that helps to add information to the headline

Question 7

What combinations of primary and secondary head do we have?

Answer 7

Hammer
Kicker
Tripod
Wicket

Question 8

What’s the structure of hammer?

Answer 8

One or more lines of primary over one or more lines of secondary

Question 9

What’s the structure of kicker?

Answer 9

One line of secondary over one or more lines of primary

Question 10

What’s the structure of tripod?

Answer 10

Two or more lines of secondary beside the primary

Question 11

What’s the structure of wicket?

Answer 11

Two or more lines of secondary over one or more lines of primary

Question 12

What are the functional types of headlines?

Answer 12

Questions
Exclamations
Statements
Commands

Question 13

What are statement headlines like?

Answer 13

They describe the state of action, affairs, feelings, or belief
E.g.: over 17m Iranians toured the country in New Year holidays

Question 14

What are question headlines like?

Answer 14

Are addressed to a reader and ask for an expression of opinion, fact, belief, etc.
E.g.: Will We Stop Trump Before It’s Too Late?

Question 15

What are command headlines like?

Answer 15

They express a request or advice
E.g.: Put These Question Marks By the Hardware

Question 16

What do exclamation headlines show?

Answer 16

The writer’s feelings

Question 17

What’s the chronological order of different functional types of headlines in English newspaper?

Answer 17

From the most to the least:
1) statements
2) questions
3) commands
4) exclamations

Question 18

What are the features of the language of headlines?

Answer 18

1. Omission
2. Nominalization
3. Short words
4. Shortened verb forms
5. Frequent use of acronyms and abbreviations

Question 19

What are preserved and what are usually omitted in headlines?

Answer 19

Content words are preserved
Usually omitted:
- function words
- titles
- punctuation
E.g.: Headline: Charles, 32, seeks bride
Deep Structure: Prince Charles, who is 32 years old, seeks someone to marry

Question 20

What is nominalization?

Answer 20

Using nouns derived from verbs or adjectives, often, but not always, with a change in the word ending
E.g.: arrival from arrive
Depth from deep
Denying the war on women

Question 21

How are short words used in headlines?

Answer 21

Monosyllabic verbs and nouns (maximum six letters) are used frequently as substitutes for longer, more colloquial expressions.

Question 22

Long word: prohibit(ion)
Prevent(ion)

Answer 22

Short word substitute: Ban, Bar

Question 23

Reduce, reduction

Answer 23

Cut

Question 24

Encourage, support

Answer 24

Push

Question 25

Cause, initiate

Answer 25

Spark

Question 26

Investigate

Answer 26

Probe

Question 27

Promote, promotion, increase, support

Answer 27

Boost

Question 28

Cancel(lation) Dismiss(al)

Answer 28

Axe

Question 29

Look for, try to obtain

Answer 29

Seek

Question 30

Insist, strongly request

Answer 30

Urge

Question 31

Seize, win

Answer 31

Grab

Question 32

Criticize

Answer 32

Slam

Question 33

Reprimand

Answer 33

Rap

Question 34

Anger

Answer 34

Irk

Question 35

Setback, Unexpected Difficulty

Answer 35

Blow

Question 36

Question, interrogate

Answer 36

Quiz

Question 37

Defeat

Answer 37

Smash

Question 38

What’s the chronological order of the frequency of words with different syllables in English newspaper?

Answer 38

From the most to the least: 1) monosyllabic noun 2) bisyllabic noun 3) polysyllabic noun (same for verbs with different syllables)

Question 39

What is one of the idiosyncratic features of English headlines?

Answer 39

The special uses it makes of tenses, which are different from those of ordinary, non-headline language

Question 40

What do headlines not have in general?

Answer 40

**A one-to-one correspondence** between grammatical senses and the real time of occurences of events

Question 41

What are the different forms of shortened verbs in headlines?

Answer 41

**1. Past participle (form)= passive (meaning)** E.g.: Headline: Steel Pay Claim Granted Deep Structure: The steel industry’s pay claim has been granted. **2. Infinitive (form)= future (meaning)** E.g.: Headline: Republicans To Push Farm Housing Deep Structure: The Republican Party will support farm housing. **3. Simple present (form)= past (meaning)** E.g.: Headline: Killer Escapes From Courtroom Deep Structure: A killer has escaped from a courtroom. **4. Verb+-ing (form)= present continuous (meaning)** E.g.: Headline: Thames Approaching Danger Level Deep Structure: The river Thames is approaching danger level.

Question 42

Give some examples of acronyms and abbreviations used in headlines

Answer 42

Acronyms: PM: Prime Minister MP: Member of Parliament UN: United Nations Abbreviations: Pols: politicians Gov: government Dems: democrats

Question 43

What devices are used to create ‘attractive’ headlines and catch the readers’ attention?

Answer 43

Linguistic Rhetorical Or stylistic devices

Question 44

Why are stylistic, rhetorical, or linguistic devices used in headlines?

Answer 44

To create ‘attractive’ headlines and catch the reader’s attention

Question 45

What are ‘witty’ headlines?

Answer 45

Those that entice them by engaging them in some **intellectual game**

Question 46

What are other devices used in headlines?

Answer 46

- Intertextuality - play with spelling and sounds: • alliteration • assonance • consonance • onomatopoeia • … - Metonymy - Metaphor - pun Etc.

Question 47

What is intertextuality?

Answer 47

Making reference to other texts of various kinds: Idiomatic expressions Well-known sayings Literary quotations Movies Dramas Names of famous people Poems Book or movie titles Etc. E.g.: Headline: To Wash Or Not To Wash Pesticide row over advice on fruit and vegetables Hamlet’s well-known dilemma ‘To be or not to be’.

Question 48

What could be an example of alliteration?

Answer 48

**C**lose **C**all for **K**ids **C**aught in **C**ake & **C**onfectionary House

Question 49

What’s an example of assonance?

Answer 49

Aw**ay** D**ay** for G**ay** R**ay**

Question 50

What could be an example of consonance?

Answer 50

Is more inflatio**n** on the horizo**n**?

Question 51

What could be an example of metonymy? (مجاز)

Answer 51

Iran Is Not North Korea

Question 52

How are periods used in headlines?

Answer 52

They’re usually avoided except when needed in abbreviations E.g.: U.S. Widens Inquiries into 2 Jail Deaths

Question 53

How is comma used in headlines?

Answer 53

It replaces “and” due to space limitations E.g.: Google Turns 12, Gets Virtual Cake

Question 54

How is semicolon used in headlines?

Answer 54

It can be used instead of a period or a full-stop It replaces periods when there are two complete thoughts E.g.: Ehud Netzer Dies at 76; Archeologist Unearthed Herod the Great`s Tomb

Question 55

How is colon used in headlines?

Answer 55

It typically introduces a list, a direct quotation, or a topic. E.g.: Dubai: Local Moves, Global Implications US Diplomat: Iran Wants More Enrichment 'Real Housewives': Simon and Tamra Barney`s Bitter End

Question 56

How is hyphen used in headlines?

Answer 56

To clarify the relationship between words. Never used to break a word from line to line or to end a line E.g.: China- Japan Fight Goes Deeper than Islands Flat – Screen TV Prices to Plunge for Holiday Season