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Year 3 Exams: Paediatrics > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of children by the age of 15 have had a headache?

A

75%

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2
Q

What type of tumour can cause a headache in children?

A

Craniopharyngioma

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3
Q

Migraine in children is what type of pain?

A

Hemicranial pAIN

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4
Q

Acute Migraine in Children treatment? (2)

A

Triptans

Pain Relief

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5
Q

Preventative Migraine in Children treatment? (5)

A 
Pizotifen
Propranolol
Amitryptyline
Topiramate
Valproate
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6
Q

When to give treatment for migraine prevention in children?

A

At least 1 wEEK

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7
Q

Tension Headache in children preventative treatment?

A

Amitryptiline

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8
Q

Headaches caused by Raised Intracranial Pressure get worse when? (4)

A

Cough
Strain
Bending
Woken from Sleep with Headache

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9
Q

Analgesic Compound Headaches are particularly a problem with what medication?

A

Cocodoamol

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10
Q

Indications for Neuroimaging? (7()

A 
Features of Cerebellar Dysfunction
Raised ICP
New Focal Neuro Deficit eg New Squint
Seizures
Personality Change
Unexplained Deterioration in School
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11
Q

Syncope has what type of mechanism?

A

Neuro Cardiogenic Mechanism

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12
Q

Epileptic Seizure are caused by excessive discharge from?

A

Cortical Neurons

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13
Q

Why do Acute Symptomatic Seizures happen? (4)

A

Hypoxia Ischaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Infection
Trauma

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14
Q

Reflex Anoxic Seizures are common in?

A

Toddlers

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15
Q

What is a Parasomnia?

A

Night Teror

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16
Q

When does a Febrile Convulsion happen?

A

Between 3 Months and 5 Years of Age

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17
Q

A febrile convulsion is associated with?

A

Fever

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18
Q

Febrile Convulsion is a common cause of?

A

Acute Symptomatic Seizure in Childhood

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19
Q

Jerking/Shaking Seizures are what type of seizure? (3)

A

Clonic
Myoclonic
Spasm

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20
Q

Epileptic Fits are chemically triggered by?

A

Decreased inhibition (GABA)

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21
Q

Epileptic Fits are triggered by excessive excitation of? (2)

A

Glutamate

Aspartate

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22
Q

Epileptic Fits are triggered by excessive influx of what ions? (2)

A

Na and Ca

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23
Q

Sensitivity of EEG in Epilepsy?

A

30-60%

24
Q

MRI of Brain can determine what in epilepsy?

A

Aetiology

25
Q

What single gene disorder can cause Epilepsy?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

26
Q

Anti Epileptic drugs should only be considered in Epilepsy when?

A

Diagnosis of epilepsy is clear

27
Q

Which Anti Epileptic drug should not be used in girls?

A

Sodium Valproate

28
Q

First line treatment for generalised epilepsy in children?

A

Sodium Valprorate or Levetiracetam

29
Q

First line treatment for Focal Epilepsy in children?

A

Carbamazepine

30
Q

How to treat drug resistant epilepsy in children (3)

A

Steroids
Immunoglobulins
Ketogenic Diet

31
Q

Stimulation of what nerve can help in epilepsy?

A

Vagus Nerve

32
Q

Measurement of Fontanelles is routine until?

A

Birth-3 Years

33
Q

Microcephaly which is OFC <2 SD is classified as?

A

Mild

34
Q

Microcephaly which is OFC <3 SD is classified as?

A

Mod/Severe

35
Q

Microecephaly usually indicates

A

Micraencephaly

36
Q

What is Micraencephaly?

A

Small Brain

37
Q

Definition of Macrocephaly?

A

OFC >2 SD

38
Q

Hydrocephalus is related to what size of brain?

A

Macrocephaly

39
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly is related to what size of brain?

A

Macrocephaly

40
Q

What is Plagiocephaly?

A

Flat head

41
Q

What is Brahcycephaly?

A

short head/flat at back

42
Q

What is Scaphlocephaly?

A

Boat shaped skull

43
Q

What is Deformational Plagiocephaly features (4)

A

Ipsilateral Frontal Bossing
Ipsilateral Ear Displaced Anteriorly
Ipsilateral Occipitoparietal Flattening
Contralateral Occipital Bossing

44
Q

If a baby is flopping from birth what condition to suspect

A

Neuromuscular Disorder

45
Q

What is the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy gene?

A

XP21

46
Q

What type of skill in children is delayed in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Gross Motor Skills

47
Q

Symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (4)

A

Symmetrical Proximal Weakness
Waddling Gait
Calf Hypertrophy
Gower’s Sign Positive

48
Q

What sign is positive in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Gower’s Sign

49
Q

A blood level of >1000 Creatinine Kinase indicates what condition in paediatrics?

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

50
Q

What cardiac condition is related to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Cardiomyopathy

51
Q

Neuropathy has what site of weakness

A

Distal weakness

52
Q

Myopathy has what site of weakness

A

Proximal weakness

53
Q

Myopathy has what type of sensory loss

A

Pure Motor

54
Q

Reflexes features in Myopathy?

A

Usually preserved till late

55
Q

Reflexes features in Neuropathy?

A

Reflexes Lost early

56
Q

Contractors are a present in Neuropathy or Myopathy?

A

Myopathy

Year 3 Exams: Paediatrics (46 decks)

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