head & neck bones Flashcards
pneumatised bones
frontal, temporal, sphenoid & ethmoid
flat smooth bones form by
intramembranous ossification
irregular bones form by
endochondral ossification
parts of the skull and how many bones
neurocranium & viscerocranium with a total of 22 bones
name neurocranium bones
8 bones
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid & occipital along with 2 sets of bilateral -
temporal & parietal
name viscerocranium bones
15 irregular bones
3 singular midline bones = ethmoid, vomer & mandible
6 sets of bilateral paired bones = nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, palatine, maxillae & inferior nasal conchae
tell me about temporal fossa
superior & posterior borders: Superior & inferior temporal lines
anterior border: Frontal process of zygomatic bone & zygomatic process of frontal bone
inferior border: Infratemporal crest deep to zygomatic arch
floor: Includes pterion
what is pterion
H-shaped junction of sutures
frontal
parietal
temporal
greater wing of sphenoid bone
overlies anterior branch of middle meningeal artery
what is calvaria
4 flat bones (2x parietal, single frontal & occipital) fused by the coronal, sagittal & lambdoid sutures
contains granular foveae that has arachnoid granulations = return CSF to the venous circulation
name exit points of CNV divisions
supra-orbital notch and infra-orbital foramen
mental foramen
bones that make up cranial base (inferior external view)
vomer
palatine bone
greater wing of sphenoid bone
medial and lateral plate of pterygoid process
temporal bone
occipital bone
pterygoid process
what exits foramen ovale
mandibular branch of trigeminal V3
what exits foramen rotundum
maxillary branch of trigeminal V2
what exits foramen spinous
meningeal artery and vein
meningeal branch of V3
what exits jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves
what exits incisive fossa
nas-palatine nerve
palatine bone
has horizontal plate and pyramidal process
greater and lesser palatine foramina
anterior and middle cranial fossa is divided by
sphenoid crest
middle and posterior cranial fossa is divided by
superior border of petrous temporal bone
anterior cranial fossa
frontal, ethmoid & sphenoid bones
shallowest part of cranial base
occupied by frontal lobes
olfactory bulbs (CN I) receive nerve fibres from the nasal cavity via the foramina of the cribriform plate (olfaction)
cribriform plate fractures can present with CSF rhinorrhoea = CFS liquid coming out of nose
middle cranial fossa
sphenoid & temporal bones
occupied by temporal lobes
the pituitary gland lies in the hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa (deepest part of sella turcica)
posterior cranial fossa
sphenoid, occipital & temporal bones
occupied by the cerebellum & brainstem
contains foramen magnum = medulla oblongata exiting it = the brainstem
infratemporal fossa
Laterally: Ramus of the mandible
Medially: Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Anteriorly: Posterior aspect of maxilla
Posteriorly: Tympanic plate, mastoid & styloid processes
Superiorly: Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone
Inferiorly: Angle of the mandible
pterygopalatine fossa
lies just lateral to the upper aspect of the nasal cavity & nasopharynx behind the orbit & above the hard/soft palate
Sphenopalatine foramen lies in medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa between maxilla and lateral pterygoid plate
