head lice

Question 1

what are head lice?

Answer 1

Head lice are small, wingless insects that infest the hair and scalp, feeding on human blood. These tiny insects, scientifically known as Pediculus humanus capitis, attach their eggs (nits) to the hair shafts, causing itching and discomfort.

Question 2

RF for head lice?

Answer 2

Age (3-11 years): Children, particularly those in school settings, are more susceptible.
Close contact with infested individuals.
Sharing personal items such as combs, hats, or pillows.
Inadequate personal hygiene, although cleanliness does not prevent infestations.

Question 3

pathophysiology for head lice?

Answer 3

1. Infestation: Adult lice lay eggs (nits) on hair shafts close to the scalp, firmly attaching them. Nits hatch into nymphs, which eventually develop into adult lice.
2. Feeding: Adult lice feed on blood by piercing the scalp with their mouthparts, causing itching and discomfort.
3. Itching and Secondary Infections: Intense itching may lead to scratching, which can result in sores or secondary bacterial infections.

Question 4

features of head lice?

Answer 4

Persistent itching of the scalp, neck, and behind the ears.
Presence of nits attached to hair shafts near the scalp.
Identification of adult lice crawling on the scalp or hair.
Sores or skin infections due to scratching (in severe cases).

Question 5

mx of head lice?

Answer 5

Wet combing or dimeticone 4% lotion (a physical insecticde) is recommended first-line for pregnant or breastfeeding women, young children aged 6 months to 2 years, and people with asthma or eczema.
Chemical insecticides such as Malathion 0.5% aqueous liquid can also be used however there are higher rates of reported resistance with this.

Question 6

how to you educate + prevent head lice?

Answer 6

Encourage the avoidance of head-to-head contact and sharing of personal items.
Wash or dry-clean recently worn clothing and bed linens.
Promote awareness and education on head lice prevention and management in schools and communities.
Emphasize the importance of early detection and prompt treatment.

Question 7

complications of head lice?

Answer 7

Secondary bacterial skin infections.
Sores, ulcers, or scabs on the scalp.
Emotional distress and social stigma, especially in children.