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AT 541 > Head Injuries > Flashcards

Head Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Brain Injuries

A
  • direct blow, sudden snapping of the head forward
  • May or many not result in LOC
  • may be life threatening
  • assume cervical injury (if unconscious)
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2
Q

History

A
  • MOI
  • look for impairments of any kind
  • retrograde amnesia (who did we play last week?)
  • antegrade amnesia (can you remember walking off the field)
  • pain in your neck?
  • tinnitus?
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3
Q

Observation

A
  • disoriented?
  • blank or vacant stare?
  • slurred or incoherent speech?
  • normal emotional response
  • CSF in the ears?
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4
Q

Palpation

A
  • neck and skull for point tenderness and deformity
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5
Q

Special Tests used

A
  • neurologic exam: cranial nerve testing, sensory and reflex testing
  • eyes: PEARL, tracking, nystagmus, blurred
  • Balance: romberg, balance error scoring system
  • coordination: finger to nose, heel-to-toe walking
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6
Q

Special Tests used

A
  • neurologic exam: cranial nerve testing, sensory and reflex testing
  • eyes: PEARL, tracking, nystagmus, blurred
  • Balance: romberg, balance error scoring system
  • coordination: finger to nose, heel-to-toe walking
  • Cognitive tests: assess cognitive function and obtain objective measuress to assess pt. status and improvement
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7
Q

Neuropsychological assessments

A
  • Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3)

- standardized way of assessing head injuries

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8
Q

Neuropsychological assessment

A
  • Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC)

- orientation, immediate memory recall, concentration, and delayed recall on and off the field

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9
Q

Skull Fracture

A
  • blunt trauma
  • severe headache and nausea
  • palpation may reveal a defect in skull
  • Battle’s sign
  • CSF
  • immediate hospitalization and referral to neurosurgeon
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10
Q

Cerebral Concussions (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury)

A
  • major health concern
  • direct blow, acceleration/deceleration forces producing shaking of the brain
  • headache
  • feeling “in a fog”
  • emotional
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11
Q

CTE

A
  • chronic traumatic encephalopthy
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12
Q

TBI sings and symptoms

A
  • LOC, behavioral, cognitive impairment

- sleep disturbance/drowsiness

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13
Q

Concussion Grading

A
  • glasgow coma scale

- don’t “grade” them anymore

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14
Q

Concussion management

A
  • LOC = pt. has to be removed from play
  • spine injury in LOC
  • return to baseline requires approx. 3-5 days
  • recurrent concussions = cumulative injuries
  • determine the need for physician referral
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15
Q

Management con’t

A
  • dual task rehab: rehab and cognitive work
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16
Q

Post-Concussion Syndrome

A
  • athlete complains of a range of post-concussion problems
  • can last for a few weeks or a few months
  • can start right after injury or later on
17
Q

Second Impact Syndrome

A
  • rapid swelling of the brain from a second head injury before symptoms of the initial head injury have resolved
  • not usually a LOC, but athlete can look stunned
  • within 15 seconds to several minutes of injury athlete’s condition deteriorates rapidly
18
Q

Management for Second Impact Syndrome

A
  • life-threatening injury that must be addressed very quickly (within 5 minutes)
  • immediate EMS activation and transport to hospital
    9-1-1
19
Q

Cerebral Contusion

A
  • when head strikes a stationary object
  • LOC followed by a very talkative state
  • hospitalization; CT and MRI
20
Q

Malignant Brain Edema Syndrome

A
  • occurs in young population
  • caused by intracranial clot
  • increased pressure
  • rapid neurologic deterioration
  • 9-1-1
21
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A
  • veins bleed
  • may be acute (rapidly progressing)
  • chronic (due to venous bleeding)
  • LOC doesn’t usually happen
  • dilation of one pupil (same side as injury)
  • headache, sleepiness
  • 9-1-1
  • CT/MRI
22
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A
  • arterial bleed
  • blow to the head or skull fracture
  • pressure, blood accumulation and creation of hematoma occur rapidly
  • LOC followed by period of lucidity
  • urgent neurosurgical care
23
Q

Migrane Headaches

A
  • disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of severe headache
  • exact cause unknown
  • visual or GI problems
  • flashes of light
  • throbbing pain
  • prescription medications help
24
Q

Scalp Injuries

A
  • blunt trauma
  • bleeding is often extensive
  • cut hair if necessary to expose area
  • stiches

AT 541 (10 decks)

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