Drugs and Athletics Flashcards
What is a drug?
- chemical agent used in prevention, treatment and diagnosis of disease
Dispensing vs. Adminstering
ATs dispense
Administration of Drugs
- much reach receptor tissue to be effective
Internal Administration
- inhalation
- intradermal
- intramuscular
- intranasal
- intraspinal
- intravenous
- oral
- rectal
- sublingual
- intravaginal
External Administration
- Inunctions
- ointments
- pastes
- plasters
- transdermal patches
- solutions
Legal Concerns
dispensing constitutes providing a sufficient quantity to be used for multiple doses
Traveling with Medications
- athletes should carry medication with them
- do not store in luggage
- keep medication in original container
Drugs to combat infection
- antiseptics
- disinfectants
- germicides
Germicidies
- designed to destroy bacteria
- fungicides, sporicides, and sanitizers
Alcohol
- most widely used skin disinfectant
- kills bacteria immediately with the exception of spores
- can be used as an antiseptic or astringent
Phenol
- lysol
- used to control disease organisms
Halogens
- chlorine
- bromine
- fluoride
Oxidizing agents
- hydrogen peroxide
- decomposes in the presence of organic substances and has little use as an antiseptic
Antibiotics
- used topically or as a systemic medication
- you MUST finish the course of antibiotics for it to be effective
- it disrupts the metabolic process of pathogenic microorganisms
Bacitracin
anti-bacterial agent
Tetracycline
- wide group of antibiotics that have broad antibacterial spectrum
- taken orally usually
Sulfonamides
- used for urinary tract and skin infections
Goals of Asthma Therapy
- prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms
- maintain normal lung function
- prevent exacerbation
- provide adequate pharmacotherapy with minimal adverse effects
Asthma
- often individuals become dependent on inhalers
- its useful to have a 2nd inhaler around b/c they will forget
Counteriritants/Local Anesthetics
- spray coolants
- menthol
- give relief by causing systemic and topical analgesia
- local injectable anesthetics athletes can NOT play
Narcotic Analgesics
- codeine
- morphine
- meperidine
- *prescribed
Non-Narcotic Analgesics and Antipyretics
- designed to suppress pain without losing consciousness
- Tylenol
Tylenol
- acetaminophen
- over-injestion can lead to liver damage/death
- it is not an anti-inflammatory
Drugs to Reduce Inflammation
- Acetylsalicylic Acid (Asprin)
- anti-inflammatory
- over injestion can lead to tinnitus, dizziness
- alergic reactions can result in anaphylaxis
IBUprofen
- NSAID
- anti-inflammatory (but not for 14 days)
- can cause GI reactions, headache, depression
- associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events
Corticosteroids
- used primarily for chronic inflammation of musculoskeletal and joint problems
- usually injected
- also through ionto/phonophoresis
- can cause disturbances
Drugs that Produce Skeletal Muscle Relaxation
- methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine, and carisoprodol
- used to eliminate muscle guarding and spasm
Drugs Used to Treat GI Disorders
- includes stomach upset, gas formation due to food incompatibilities, acute or chronic hyperacidity
- antacids
- relief of acid indigestion, heart burn, peptic ulcers
Antimetics
- used to treat nausea and vomiting
- works locally (lining of stomach)
- works centrally (makes brain less sensitive to nerve impulses from inner ear and stomach)
Carminatives
- inhibit gas formation
Cathartics
- laxatives
- must be under direct supervision of physician
- may cause electrolyte imbalance
Antidiarrheals
- diarrhea tends to be a symptom, not a disease
- result of emotional stress, allergies, adverse drug reaction, intestinal problems
Acute Diarrhea
- accompanied by chills, vomiting, intense abdominal cramps/pain
- will typically run it’s course and stop when irritating agent is removed from system
Chronic Diarrhea
- may last for days or weeks and may be the result of more serious disease states
Nasal Decongestants
- combat meth epidemic act
- bans OTC retail sales of cold meds with pseudoephedrine
Cough Medications
- suppress cough (antitussives) or produce fluid in respiratory system (excectorant)
Antihistamines
- often added to decongestants
- beneficial in allergies
- impairs body’s ability to dissipate heat
Sympathomimetics
- often used to reduce spasm of bronchiole smooth muscle
- EpiPen (epinephrine)
- *pay attention to athletes in heat w/use of histamines
Drugs to Control Bleeding
- Vasoconstrictors
- Hemostatic Agents (quikclot, hemcon)
Anticoagulants
- heparin
* doesn’t desolve clot
Drugs that Can Increase the Rate of Heat Illness
- anticholinergics/antihistamines (decrease sweating)
- sympathomimetic amines
- diuretics (alters volume expansion and cutaneous vasodilation)
- phenothiazines (hot/cold reg)
Record Keeping
- must maintain accurate and up to date medical records
- quantity of medication
- method of administration
Medical Records
- name
- complaint
- current medications
- any known drug allergies
- name of medication
- lot number
- expiration date
- quantity of given
- method of admin
- date/time of admin
Managing a Drug Overdose
- call EMS
- call Poison control center
Drug Testing in Athletics
- purpose is to identify individuals who have problems with drug abuse
- NCAA and USOC routinely test
The Drug Test
- NCAA requires all athletes to sign consent form agreeing to participate in testing throughout the year
- during the test, athlete provides identification and urine sample under direct supervision
Sanctions for NCAA
1st: minimum one year suspension
2nd +: positives can result in lifetime disqualification
USOC
range from 3 months to 24 months depending on drug for first time offense
*lifetime ban for successive positive tests
High School
national federation of state high school associations does not have a banned substance list or policies on testing
