head and spine quiz part II

Question 1

The _______________ consists of eight bones that encase and protect the brain.

Select one:

a. skull
b. cerebrum
c. cranial vault
d. cribriform plate

Answer 1

c. cranial vault

Question 2

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

Select one:

a. cribriform plate.
b. foramen magnum.
c. occipital condyle.
d. palatine bone.

Answer 2

b. foramen magnum.

Question 3

Paralysis of the extremities would MOST likely result from injury to the:

Select one:

a. cerebellum.
b. diencephalon.
c. cerebral cortex.
d. hypothalamus.

Answer 3

c. cerebral cortex.

Question 4

The parietal lobe of the brain:

Select one:

a. is where the optic nerve originates and processes vision.
b. is important for voluntary motor action and personality traits.
c. controls the body’s ability to perceive body limb movement.
d. controls functions such as long-term memory, taste, and smell.

Answer 4

c. controls the body’s ability to perceive body limb movement.

Question 5

Injury to the temporal lobe on the left side would MOST likely cause:

Select one:

a. abnormal speech.
b. visual disturbances.
c. sleep abnormalities.
d. lack of coordination.

Answer 5

a. abnormal speech.

Question 6

The cerebellum is located in the ____________ part of the brain and is responsible for

Select one:

a. anteromedial, voluntary motor functions
b. inferoposterior, posture and equilibrium
c. anterolateral, short- and long-term memory
d. inferolateral, involuntary motor functions

Answer 6

b. inferoposterior, posture and equilibrium

Question 7

What portion of the brainstem is responsible for maintenance of consciousness?

Select one:

a. Diencephalon
b. Limbic system
c. Basal ganglia
d. Reticular activating system

Answer 7

d. Reticular activating system

Question 8

The dura mater:

Select one:

a. folds in to form the tentorium, a structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brainstem.
b. is the middle meningeal layer and is comprised of a delicate transparent membrane that is damaged easily by trauma.
c. anatomically separates the cerebellum and the brainstem and contains vasculature that resembles a spider web.
d. is the inner meningeal layer and is comprised of a thin, translucent, highly vascular membrane that adheres firmly directly to the surface of the brain.

Answer 8

a. folds in to form the tentorium, a structure that seperates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brainstem.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the ears is MOST indicative of:

Select one:

a. a nasal fracture.
b. intracerebral bleeding.
c. an epidural hematoma.
d. a skull fracture.

Answer 9

d. a skull fracture.

Question 10

Death following a head injury is MOST often the result of:

Select one:

a. an epidural hematoma.
b. trauma to the brain.
c. airway compromise
d. spinal cord transection.

Answer 10

b. trauma to the brain.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding a closed head injury is correct?

Select one:

a. In a closed head injury, the dura mater remains intact.
b. Diffuse brain injury occurs with all open head injuries.
c. Closed head injuries are less common than open head injuries.
d. Intracranial pressure is usually minimal in a closed head injury.

Answer 11

a. In a closed head injury, the dura mater remains intact.

Question 12

Bleeding from a scalp laceration with an underlying skull deformity

Select one:

a. may contribute to hypovolemia in adults
b. commonly causes severe shock in adults
c. should be controlled with firm direct pressure.
d. is limited due to the scalp’s minimal vasculature.

Answer 12

a. may contribute to hypovolemia in adults

Question 13

Which of the following types of skull fracture would be the LEAST likely to present with gross physical signs?

Select one:

a. Open fracture
b. Depressed fracture
c. Basilar fracture
d. Linear fracture

Answer 13

d. Linear fracture

Question 14

A scalp laceration that occurs in conjunction with a nondisplaced skull fracture:

Select one:

a. typically causes significant hypertension.
b. should be treated with firm direct pressure.
c. is considered to be an open skull fracture
d. often causes an infection that progresses rapidly.

Answer 14

c. is considered to be an open skull fracture.

Question 15

What type of skull fracture is MOST common following high-energy direct trauma to a small surface area of the head with a blunt object?

Select one:

a. Depressed fracture
b. Open fracture
c. Basilar fracture
d. Nondisplaced fracture

Answer 15

a. Depressed fracture

Question 16

Which of the following signs of a basilar skull fracture would MOST likely be observed in the prehospital setting?

Select one:

a. Battle’s sign
b. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the ear
c. Ecchymosis around the eyes
d. Bruising over the mastoid process

Answer 16

b. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the ear

Question 17

Open fractures of the cranial vault:

Select one:

a. cause death due to increased intracranial pressure.
b. are associated with a high risk of bacterial meningitis.
c. typically cause lethal atrial cardiac dysrhythmias.
d. are uncommonly associated with multisystem trauma.

Answer 17

b. are associated with a high risk of bacterial meningitis.

Question 18

Secondary brain injuries include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. axonal injury.
b. cerebral edema.
c. cerebral ischemia
d. intracranial hemorrhage.

Answer 18

a. axonal injury.

Question 19

When an unrestrained passenger’s head strikes the windshield of a motor vehicle following rapid deceleration:

Select one:

a. the anterior portion of the brain sustains stretching or tearing injuries, and the posterior portion of the brain sustains compression injuries.
b. the head falls back against the headrest or seat and the brain collides with the rear of the skull, resulting in direct injury to the occipital lobe.
c. the brain initially strikes the rear of the skull, resulting in direct bruising, and then rebounds and strikes the front part of the skull.
d. compression injuries occur to the anterior portion of the brain, and stretching or tearing injuries occur to the posterior portion of the brain.

Answer 19

d. compression injuries occur to the anterior portion of the brain, and stretching or tearing injuries occur to the posterior portion of the brain.

Question 20

Following a traumatic brain injury, initial swelling of the brain occurs due to:

Select one:

a. severe ischemia.
b. acute hypertension.
c. cerebral vasodilation.
d. an increase in cerebral water

Answer 20

c. cerebral vasodilation.