chest trauma quiz pt 2

Question 1

As air accumulates in the pleural space, the FIRST thing to occur is:

Select one:

a. decreased pulmonary function.
b. contralateral tracheal deviation.
c. compression of the great vessels.
d. marked decrease in venous return.

Answer 1

a. decreased pulmonary function.

Question 2

Most hemothoraces occur when:

Select one:

a. the intercostal arteries are lacerated.
b. a penetrating injury perforates the lung.
c. severe barotrauma ruptures one of the lungs.
d. a fractured rib injures the lung parenchyma.

Answer 2

d. a fractured rib injures the lung parenchyma.

Question 3

By definition, a massive hemothorax is characterized by:

Select one:

a. pulmonary injury with secondary myocardial injury.
b. 10% of circulating blood volume within the pleural space.
c. cardiac arrest secondary to severe intrapleural bleeding.
d. more than 1,500 mL of blood within the pleural space.

Answer 3

d. more than 1,500 mL of blood within the pleural space.

Question 4

A pulmonary contusion following blunt chest trauma results in:

Select one:

a. blood leakage from injured lung tissue into the pleural space.
b. decreased pulmonary shunting with rupture of the alveolar sacs.
c. alveolar and capillary damage with intraparenchymal lung hemorrhage.
d. pulmonary vasodilation as the body attempts to shunt blood to the injury.

Answer 4

c. alveolar and capillary damage with intraparenchymal alveolar sacs.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding a pericardial tamponade is correct?

Select one:

a. Most pericardial tamponades are caused by blunt chest trauma during an automobile crash.
b. In a pericardial tamponade, blood collects between the visceral and parietal pericardium.
c. Pericardial tamponade is characterized by a marked increase in preload and flat jugular veins.
d. The parietal pericardium stretches easily, so significant blood accumulation is required before signs appear.

Answer 5

b. In a pericardial tamponade, blood collects between the visceral and parietal pericardium.

Question 6

Dysrhythmias following a myocardial contusion are usually secondary to:

Select one:

a. excess tachycardia that accompanies the injury.
b. damage to myocardial tissue at the cellular level.
c. aneurysm formation caused by vascular damage.
d. direct damage to the vasculature of the epicardium.

Answer 6

b. damage to myocardial tissue at the cellular level.

Question 7

Commotio cordis is a phenomenon in which:

Select one:

a. ventricular fibrillation is induced following blunt trauma to the chest during the heart’s repolarization period.
b. excessive pressure within the pericardial sac impairs cardiac contractility as well as venous return to the heart.
c. penetrating thoracic trauma perforates the atria or ventricles, causing acute rupture and massive hemorrhage.
d. myocardial tissue at the cellular level is damaged by blunt or penetrating trauma, resulting in cardiac arrest.

Answer 7

a. ventricular fibrillation is induced following blunt trauma to the chest during the heart’s repolarization period.

Question 8

Traumatic injuries to the aorta are MOST commonly the result of:

Select one:

a. shearing forces.
b. rear-end collisions.
c. penetrating trauma
d. motorcycle crashes.

Answer 8

a. shearing forces.

Question 9

With the exception of the aorta, great vessel injury is MOST likely to occur following:

Select one:

a. blunt trauma.
b. shearing forces.
c. rotational injury.
d. penetrating trauma.

Answer 9

d. penetrating trauma.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding diaphragmatic injury is correct?

Select one:

a. ) During the latent phase of a diaphragmatic injury, abdominal contents herniate through the defect, cutting off their blood supply.
b. The spleen provides significant protection to the diaphragm on the left side, resulting in a higher incidence of right-sided diaphragmatic injuries. Incorrect
c. Because the diaphragm is protected by the liver on the right side, most diaphragmatic injuries caused by blunt force trauma occur on the left side.
d. Once the diaphragm has been injured, the healing process is facilitated by the natural pressure differences between the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Answer 10

c. Because the diaphragm is protected by the liver on the right side, most diaphragmatic injuries caused by blunt force trauma occur on the left side.