ch 38 quiz

Question 1

Thermoregulation is a function of the:

Select one:

a. diencephalon.
b. anterior hypothalamus.
c. peripheral vasculature.
d. posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 1

b. anterior hypothalamus.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding thermoregulation is correct?

Select one:

a. Thermogenesis is how the human body eliminates excess heat in order to maintain homeostasis.
b. At a constant temperature of 97.6°F, the metabolic reactions of the body proceed at their optimal level.
c. Temperature of the brain and thoracoabdominal organs varies widely, depending on the body’s needs.
d. Skin temperature can fluctuate a great deal, which is why it plays a major role in thermoregulation.

Answer 2

d. Skin temperature can fluctuate a great deal, which is why it plays a major role in thermoregulation.

Question 3

In situations where the environment is a factor, the MOST accurate means of determining a person’s core temperature is to:

Select one:

a. use a rectal thermometer that is capable of measuring extremes of temperature.
b. use a tympanic thermometer and then add two degrees to the reading that you obtain.
c. obtain a tactile temperature by placing the back of your hand on the patient’s forehead.
d. place a mercury thermometer in the patient’s axilla and wait 2 to 3 minutes before reading it.

Answer 3

a. use a rectal thermometer that is capable of measuring extremes of temperature.

Question 4

The thermolytic tissues in the hypothalamus are mediated by the:

Select one:

a. endocrine system.
b. sympathetic nervous system.
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. signals of the adrenergic nervous system.

Answer 4

c. parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

The basal metabolic rate is MOST accurately defined as:

Select one:

a. the expenditure of heat energy during strenuous exertion or exercise
b. the heat energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions.
c. the balance between heat production and heat elimination from the body.
d. a constant fluctuation in core body temperature to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 5

b. the heat energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions.

Question 6

Of the many factors that affect the basal metabolic rate, the MOST important factor is:

Select one:

a. the person’s age.
b. the person’s sex.
c. the person’s level of activity.
d. the person’s body surface area.

Answer 6

d. the person’s body surface area.

Question 7

An increase in core temperature causes the:

Select one:

a. anterior pituitary gland to send signals via afferent pathways in the sympathetic nervous system to increase the heart rate.
b. hypothalamus to send signals via efferent pathways in the autonomic nervous system, causing vasodilation and sweating.
c. anterior pituitary gland to send signals via efferent pathways in the sympathetic nervous system, causing widespread vasoconstriction.
d. hypothalamus to send signals via afferent pathways in the parasympathetic nervous system, resulting in vasoconstriction and sweat production.

Answer 7

b. hypothalamus to send signals via efferent pathways in the autonomic nervous system, causing vasodilation and sweating.

Question 8

he transfer of heat from a hotter object to a cooler object by direct physical contact is called:

Select one:

a. radiation.
b. convection.
c. conduction.
d. evaporation.

Answer 8

c. conduction.

Question 9

A person blowing on hot food in an attempt to cool it is an example of:

Select one:

a. radiation.
b. convection.
c. conduction.
d. passive cooling.

Answer 9

b. convection.

Question 10

Which of the following factors decreases the body’s ability to eliminate excess heat through evaporation?

Select one:

a. High humidity
b. Wet clothing
c. Low wind chill
d. Hyperventilation

Answer 10

a. High humidity

Question 11

When the outside temperature approaches or exceeds skin surface temperature, heat loss by _________ and _________ diminishes and eventually ceases.

Select one:

a. convection, conduction
b. conduction, evaporation
c. evaporation, radiation
d. radiation, convection

Answer 11

d. radiation, convection

Question 12

Older people are at increased risk for heat-related illnesses because:

Select one:

a. they are more likely to have chronic medical conditions that interfere with normal heat regulation.
b. they have proportionately higher metabolic heat production when compared to younger adults.
c. they are often taking beta adrenergic agonists, which can lessen a tachycardic response to heat.
d. They acclimatize more rapidly than younger adults, which results in faster heat production.

Answer 12

a. they are more likely to have chronic medical conditions that interfere with normal heat regulation.

Question 13

Which of the following medications would be the LEAST likely to increase a person’s risk for a heat-related illness?

Select one:

a. Diuretics
b. Beta-blockers
c. Antihistamines
d. Alpha antagonists

Answer 13

d. Alpha antagonists

Question 14

A person taking a beta-blocker is at an increased risk for a heat-related illness secondary to:

Select one:

a. lessened tachycardic response.
b. hypothalamic suppression.
c. an increased metabolic rate.
d. lowering of the blood pressure.

Answer 14

c. an increased metabolic rate.

Question 15

Impaired vasodilation:

Select one:

a. increases heat absorption.
b. interferes with heat dissipation.
c. decreases internal heat production.
d. is caused by beta blocker medications.

Answer 15

b. interferes with heat dissipation.

Question 16

Heat cramps are caused by:

Select one:

a. sodium loss due to sweating.
b. failure of the hypothalamus.
c. increased potassium levels.
d. increased urinary frequency.

Answer 16

a. sodium loss due to sweating.

Question 17

In contrast to sodium-depleted heat exhaustion, water-depleted heat exhaustion:

Select one:

a. is much less likely to occur in a patient who takes diuretic medications for hypertension.
b. occurs primarily in geriatric patients and is due to factors such as decreased thirst sensitivity and immobility.
c. usually takes several hours or days to develop and occurs when regular water is used to replenish sodium and water.
d. is the result of prolonged exertion in a hot environment coupled with the excessive intake of hypotonic fluids.

Answer 17

b. occurs primarily in geriatric patients and is due to factors such as decreased thirst sensitivity and immobility.

Question 18

The diagnosis of heatstroke is usually made when a patient has an elevated core body temperature and:

Select one:

a. an altered mental status.
b. an absence of sweating.
c. a history of heat exposure
d. a heart rate above 140 beats/min.

Answer 18

a. an altered mental status.

Question 19

Cigarette smoking predisposes a person to frostbite because it:

Select one:

a. causes arteriolar constriction.
b. decreases the blood pressure.
c. causes peripheral vasodilation.
d. increases peripheral blood flow.

Answer 19

a. causes arteriolar constriction.

Question 20

Treatment for a superficial frostbite injury includes:

Select one:

a. rewarming with radiant heat.
b. elevating the frostbitten part.
c. rewarming the area with hot water.
d. gently rubbing the frostbitten area.

Answer 20

b. elevating the frostbitten part.

Question 21

A deeply frostbitten extremity:

Select one:

a. is typically bright red and painful.
b. usually heals well with rewarming.
c. requires amputation due to gangrene.
d. is cold, hard, and without sensation.

Answer 21

d. is cold, hard, and without sensation.

Question 22

Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in core body temperature, generally starting at:

Select one:

a. 96°F.
b. 95°F.
c. 94°F.
d. 93°F.

Answer 22

b. 95 F.

Question 23

Alcohol predisposes a patient to hypothermia due to:

Select one:

a. increased liver glycogen storage
b. impaired shivering thermogenesis.
c. brain atrophy and impaired thermolysis.
d. widespread cutaneous vasoconstriction.

Answer 23

b. impaired shivering thermogenesis.

Question 24

What medication would MOST likely cause malignant hyperthermia?

Select one:

a. Promethazine
b. Succinylcholine
c. Vecuronium
d. Amitriptyline

Answer 24

b. Succinylcholine

Question 25

In trauma patients with shock, hypothermia:

Select one:

a. decreases internal hemorrhage. Incorrect
b. enhances the shivering response.
c. facilitates the process of hemostasis.
d. interferes with the coagulation of blood.

Answer 25

d. interferes with the coagulation of blood.