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Head And Neck > Head and Neck Test 2 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Dural venous sinuses are endothelium - lined spaces between the __ and __ layers of the dura

A

periosteal

meningeal

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2
Q

Large veins from the surface of the brain empty into these dural veinous sinuses and all blood from the brain ultimately drains through them into the ___

A

Int. Jugular V

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3
Q

Superior sagittal sinus lies in the __ attached border of the __ __

A

convex

cerebral falx

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4
Q

Sup. Sagittal SInus begins at the ___ and ends near the ___ at the confluence of sinuses as the ___ sinus

A

Crista Galli
IOP
Right Transverse

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5
Q

Sup. Sagittal sinus receives __ veins

A

Sup. cerebral

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6
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus is much smaller than the superior sagittal sinus, runs in the inferior ___ free border of the ___ and ends in the ___ sinus

A

concave
cerebral falx
straight sinus

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7
Q

Straight sinus is formed by the union of the ___ and ___, runs along of the line of attachment of the ___ and ___, where it joins the confluence of sinuses

A

Inf. Sagittal SInus
Great Cerebral V.
cerebral falx
tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

___ groove the occipital bones and parietal bones, course along the attached margins of the tentroium cerebelli and becomes the ___

A

Transverse Siunuses

Sigmoid Sinuses

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9
Q

Blood received by the confluence of the sinuses is drained by the __.

A

Transverse Sinuses

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10
Q

___ follow the S shaped course in the posterior cranial fossa, forming deep grooves in the temporal and occipital bones, continues as the ___ after traversing the jugular foramen

A

Sigmoid Sinuses

Int. Jugular V.

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11
Q

Occipital sinus lies in the attached border of the ___ and ends in the confluence of sinuses and communicates with the ___ venous plexuses

A

falx cerebelli

Internal Vertebral

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12
Q

Cavernous sinuses are situated bilaterally on each side of the ___ on the upper surface of the body of the hollow ___ bone, which contains the sphenoidal air sinus

A

sella turcica

sphenoid

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13
Q

Cavernous sinuses contain a veinous plexus that receive blood from the Sup. and Inf. ___ veins, ___ vein, and ___sinus.

A

ophthalmic
superficial middle cerebral
sphenoparietal

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14
Q

Intercavernous sinuses are ___ and ___, communicate the two ___.

A

Anterior
Posterior
Cavernous

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15
Q

The cavernous sinus drains through the superior and inferior ___ sinuses and to ___ venous plexus thorugh an ___ vein

A

Petrosal
Pterygoid
emissary

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16
Q

Inside each cavernous sinus is the ___ artery, surrounded by the ___ of sympathetic nerves and the ___ nerve

A

Int. Carotid
Carotid Plexus
Abducens

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17
Q

The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus contains which nerves?

A

Oculomotor (3rd)
Trochlear (4th)
Ophthalmic (Branch of 5th)
Maxillary (Branch of 5th)

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18
Q

___ lie in the attached margins of the tentorium cerebelli, along the superior border of the petrous part of temporal bone

A

Superior Petrosal SInuses

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19
Q

Inferior petrosal sinuses run in the grove between the petrous part of the ___ and ___ part of the occipital bone

A

petrous

basilar

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20
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus drains the veins of the ___ sinus directly into the origin of the ___

A

Lateral Cavernous

Int. Jugular V.

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21
Q

Basilar plexus (sinus) connects the ___ and communicate with the ___

A

Inf. Petrosal SInuses

Internal Vertebral Veinous Plexus

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22
Q

Emissary veins connect the ___ with the veins outside the ___, valveless veins and blood flow in both directions

A

Dural Veinous Sinuses

Cranium

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23
Q

___ is present in children and some adults, passes through the ___ of the skull, connecting ____ with the veins of the ___ and ___

A 
Frontal Emissary V.
Foramen Cecum
Sup. Sagittal Sinus
Frontal SInus
Nasal Cavities
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24
Q

Parietal emissary vein, may be paired bilaterally, passes through the ___ in the calvaria, connecting the ___ with the veins of the ___.

A

Parietal Foramen
Sup. Sagittal SInus
scalp

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25
Q

Mastoid emissary vein passes through the ___ and connects each sigmoid sinus with the ___ or ___ vein

A

Mastoid Foramen
Occipital V.
Post. Auricular V.

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26
Q

Posterior condylar emissary vein passes through the ___ canal, connecting the ___ with the ___

A

Condylar
Sigmoid sinus
Suboccipital Plexus of Veins

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27
Q

Middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary artery) enters the ___ and divides into __ and ___ branches

A

Foramen Spinosum
Anterior
Posterior

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28
Q

Middle meningeal vein accompanies the ___, leaves the cranial
cavity through the ___ and drains into the ___ venous plexus

A

Middle Meningeal A.
Foramen Spinosum
Pterygoid

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29
Q

Nerve supply of the dura mater are the branches of ___

A

Trigeminal N.

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30
Q

Dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa is supplied by the anterior meningeal branches of the ___ nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerve), meningeal branches of ___ nerve and meningeal branches of ___ nerve.

A

ethmoidal
Maxillary
Mandibular

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31
Q

Dura mater of the middle cranial fossa is supplied by the meningeal branches of ___ nerve and meningeal branches of ___ nerve

A

Maxillary

Mandibular

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32
Q

Dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa is supplied by the ___ nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerve), sensory branches from dorsal roots of __(3)__ and branches from ___ nerve

A

Tentorial
C1, C2, C3
Vagus

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33
Q

__ is the leptomeninges, develops from a single layer of mesenchyme surrounding the embryonic brain, contain the fluid filled space the subarchnoid space contains the trabeculae

A

Pia- Arachnoid

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34
Q

___ contains fibroblasts, collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

A

Arachnoid Mater

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35
Q

___ (vascular membrane of the brain) is thinner membrane and is highly vascularized by a network of blood vessels

A

Pia Mater

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36
Q

Extradural or epidural space lies between the cranial bones and the ___ layer of the dura mater, which is a pathological space, when blood from torn meningeal vessels pushes the ___ from the skull and accumulates

A

external periosteal

periosteum

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37
Q

Subdural space is a potential space between the ___ and ___mater

A

Dura

Arachnoid

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38
Q

___ space lies between the Arachnoid and Pia mater, contains the CSF, trabecular cells, arteries and veins

A

Subarachnoid

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39
Q

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis is a complication of __ and __ infections. Usually a result of complication of infection of central face or paranasal sinuses. Other causes include bacteria, trauma, ear infections or maxillary teeth.

A

epidural

subdural

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40
Q

Olfactory Nerve Termination: Synapses with ___nerve cells of the olfactory bulb. The axons of these secondary neurons form the ___.

A

mitral

Olfactory tract

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41
Q

Fracture of cribriform plate of ethmoid results in the lesion of the ___ nerve causing ___(loss of smell)

A

Olfactory

anosmia

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42
Q

At the optic chiasma, the fibers from the __ half of retina decussate and form the ___

A

nasal (medial)

optic tract

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43
Q

Most fibers in the optic tracts terminate in the ___ bodies of the ___. From these nuclei, axons are relayed to the visual cortex of the ___ lobe of the ___.

A

lateral geniculate
thalamus
Occipital
Cerebrm

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44
Q

Direct trauma to orbit or eyeball or fracture involving optic canal causes loss of ___ ___

A

pupillary constriction

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45
Q

Oculomotor Clinical Application: Fracture involving cavernous sinus - aneurysms causes the lesion of the nerve result in ___ (ptosis) and ___ reflex on side of lesion will be lost

A

Dilated Pupil

Pupillary

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46
Q

Clinical
Stretching of Trochlear nerve during its course around ___ or fracture of orbit causes the lesion resulting inability to look ___ when the eye is ___ adducted

A

brainstem
down
adducted

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47
Q

Trigeminal Origin: from four nuclei, __ nucleus of trigeminal nerve and three sensory nuclei…

A

Motor
Mesencephalic Nucleus
Principal Sensory Nucleus
Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal N.

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48
Q

The sensory root of Trigeminal is composed mainly of the central processes of the ___ neurons that make up the trigeminal ganglion

A

Pseudounipolar

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49
Q

Trigeminal ganglion is flattened and crescent shaped, housed within the ___, the trigeminal cave lateral to the ___

A

Dural Recess

Cavernous Sinus

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50
Q

Injury to terminal branches affecting trigeminal ganglion causes lesion to the nerve resulting loss of ___ and _____ sensations, paraesthesia, masseter and temporalis muscles do not contract and deviation of mandible to side of lesion when mouth is opened

A

pain

touch

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51
Q

Termination of abducens: enters the orbit penetrating the ___ surface of ___ muscle of the eye and supplies it

A

medial

Lateral Rectus

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52
Q

Clinical for Abducens N: Fracture involving cavernous sinus or orbit causes lesion to the nerve result in eye fails to move ___ and diplopia on lateral gaze

A

laterally

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53
Q

Geniculum of the facial nerve is the sharp bend of the facial nerve along the medial wall of the tympanic cavity, where lies the ___

A

Geniculate Ganglion

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54
Q

Facial N is Postsynaptic in pterygopalatine ganglion and ___ ganglion

A

Submandibular

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55
Q

Facial N. has Parasympathetic innervation of (3)

A

Submandibular Salivary Glands
Sublingual Salivary Glands
Lacrimal Gland

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56
Q

Laceration or contusion of facial N. in parotid region causes lesion to the nerve result in paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains ___, angle of mouth ___ and forehead does not wrinkle (Bell’s Palsy)

A

Open

droops

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57
Q

Fracture of temporal bone affects the ___ nerve, causes loss of taste on anterior two thirds of tongue

A

Chorda Tympani

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58
Q

The vestibular nuclei located at the junction of the ___ and ___ in the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle

A

Pons

Medulla

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59
Q

Spiral ganglion consists of ___ neurons located in the Spiral organ of Corti

A

Bipolar

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60
Q

Clinical for Cochlear: Tumor of nerve (acoustic neuroma) causes progressive ___ hearing loss and tinnitus (noises in ai

A

Unilaeral

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61
Q

Clinical Glossopharyngeal: Brain stem lesion or deep laceration of neck causes loss of taste on ___ third of tongue

62
Q

Vagus Clinical: Brainstem lesion and deep laceration of neck causes ___owing to paralysis of vocal fold

A

hoarseness

63
Q

Clinical Accessory: Laceration of neck causes paralysis of ___, paralysis of superior fibers of ___ and dropping of shoulder

A

SCM

Trapezius

64
Q

Hypoglossal Clinical: Neck laceration and basal skull fracture causes lesion in the nerve resulting ___tongue deviates toward ___ side

A

protruded

affected

65
Q

___ is the periosteum of the orbit

A

Periorbita

66
Q

___ are superior and inferior, form the ‘skeleton‘ of the eyelids, made of dense bands of connective tissue

A

Tarsal Plates

67
Q

___ is the closed space when the eyelids are closed

A

Conjunctival Sac

68
Q

Superior wall (roof) of orbit is formed by the ___ bone and ___ wing of sphenoid

A

frontal

lesser

69
Q

Medial wall of orbit is formed by the __(4)__ bones

A

Ethmoid
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Sphenoid

70
Q

Inferior wall (floor) is formed by the __(3)__ bones

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine

71
Q

Lateral wall is formed by the ___ and ___ wing of the sphenoid bones

A

Zygomatic

Greater

72
Q

Apex of the orbit is the ___

A

Optic Canal

73
Q

___ are embedded in tarsal plates

A

Tarsal Glands

74
Q

___ large sebaceous glands, associated with the eyelashes

A

Ciliary Glands

75
Q

___ ligament lies at the medial angle of the eye, gives origin to ___ muscle

A

Medial Palpebral

Orbicularis Oculi

76
Q

___ ligament attaches to the lateral margin of the orbit

A

Lateral Palpebral

77
Q

___ is a fibrous membrane that spans from the tarsal plates

A

Orbital Septum

78
Q

___ gland secretes the lacrimal fluid (tear)

79
Q

___ convey the lacrimal fluid from the gland to the conjunctival sac

A

Lacrimal Ducts

80
Q

___ commence at the lacrimal punctum

A

Lacrimal Canaliculi

81
Q

___ is an opening on the lacrimal papilla near the medial angle of the eye

A

Lacrimal Punctum

82
Q

___ is the dilated superior part of the nasolacrimal duct

A

Lacrimal Sac

83
Q

The ___conveys the lacrimal fluid to the nasal cavity (inferior meatus of the nose)

A

Nasolacrimal Duct

84
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris Nerve supply by the ___ nerve

A

Oculomotor

85
Q

Origin of Levator palpebrae superioris is from the ___ of sphenoid bone and __ and ___ to optic canal

A

lesser wing
superior
anterior

86
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris Insertion into the ___ tarsus and skin of the superior eyelid

87
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris innervation

A

Oculomotor N.

88
Q

___ muscle part of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, includes smooth muscle fibers

A

Superior Tarsal

89
Q

Superior tarsal muscle Action is ___ the ___ eyelid

A

elevates

Superior

90
Q

Sup. Oblique Origin from the __ of the ___ bone

A

body

sphenoid

91
Q

Sup. Oblique Insertion is into the ___

92
Q

Sup. Oblique Nerve supply by the ___ nerve

93
Q

Actions of Sup.Oblique are __(3)__ of the eyeball

A

Abduction
Elevation
Lateral Rotation

94
Q

Sup. Rectus Origin from the common tendinous ring that surrounds the ___

A

Optic Canal

95
Q

Superior Rectus Insertion is into the ___

96
Q

Sup. Rectus innervation

A

Oculomotor N.

97
Q

Inf. Rectus origin Origin is from the common tendinous ring that surrounds the ___

A

Optic Canal

98
Q

Inf. Rectus insertion is into the ___

99
Q

Inf. Rectus Innervation

A

Oculomotor

100
Q

Inf. Rectus actions are __(3)__ of the eyeball

A

Depression
Adduction
Lateral Rotation

101
Q

Medial Rectus Origin is from the common tendinous ring that surrounds the ___

A

Optic Canal

102
Q

Medical Rectus inserts into the ___

103
Q

Med. Rectis innervation

A

Occulomotor

104
Q

Med. Rectus Action

A

Adduct Eyeball

105
Q

Lateral Rectus origin is from the common tendinous ring that surrounds the ___

106
Q

Lateral Rectus Insertion

107
Q

Lat. Rectus Innervation

A

Abducens N.

108
Q

Lat. Rectus action

A

Abduct eyeball

109
Q

Sup. branch of Oculomotor supplies… (2)

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Superior Rectus

110
Q

Inf. branch of Oculomotor supplies… (3)

A

Inferior Recrtus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Oblique

111
Q

The nerve to inferior oblique (branch of oculomotor nerve) carries __ __ fibers to the ___ ganglion

A

presynaptic parasympathetic

ciliary

112
Q

Short ciliary nerves are branches of ___ ganglion, carry parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers to the ___ and ___

A

ciliary
ciliary body
iris

113
Q

Long ciliary nerves are branches of ___ nerve

A

nasociliary

114
Q

Ophthalmic artery, a branch of ___ artery, supplie blood to the orbit structures

A

Internal Carotid

115
Q

Central artery of the retina is a branch of ___, provides the only supply to the ___ aspect of the retina

A

Ophthalmic

internal

116
Q

Infraorbital artery, a branch of ___ artery also contributes blood to structures related to the floor of the ___

A

Maxillary

Orbit

117
Q

Short posterior ciliary arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the ___

118
Q

Long posterior ciliary arteries are branches of ophthalmic artery supply the ___

A

ciliary plexus

119
Q

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins pass through the ___ and enter the ___sinus

A

Superior Orbital FIssure

Cavernous

120
Q

Central vein of the retina enters the ___ sinus, but may joins one of the ___ veins

A

cavernous

Ophthalmic

121
Q

Eyeball has three layers, outer ___, middle ___ and inner ___ layer

A

fibrous
vascular
neural

122
Q

Fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of two parts, ___ and ___

A

sclera

cornea

123
Q

Sclera is ___, covers the __ of the eyeball

A

Tough

posterior 5/6

124
Q

Cornea is ___ covers the ___of the eyeball

A

Transparent

Anterior 1/6

125
Q

___ is the angle formed by the sclera and cornea at the corneoscleral junction

A

Corneal Limbus

126
Q

Vascular layer of the eyeball consists of three parts…

A

Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris

127
Q

Choroid lies between the ___ and ___, forms the largest part of the vascular

A

sclera and retina

128
Q

Ciliary body connects the choroid with the iris and provides attachment for the___

129
Q

___ are the folds on the ciliary body

A

Ciliary Processes

130
Q

Iris lies on the ___ surface of the lens, with a ___ aperture

A

anterior

Central

131
Q

Pupil is the central aperture of the __ for transmitting ___

A

iris

light

132
Q

___ decreases the diameter of the pupil,

stimulated by ___ fibers

A

Sphincter Pupillae

Parasympathetic

133
Q

___ increases the diameter of the pupil (dilates the pupil) stimulated by ___ fibers

A

Dilator Pupillae

Sympathetic

134
Q

___ is the sensory neural layer of the eyeball

135
Q

___ (optic papilla) a distinct circular area, has no photoreceptors and so it is insensitive to light

A

Optic Disc

136
Q

Blind spot is the optic disc that contains no ___

A

photoreceptors

137
Q

Macula of the retina is the yellow area ___ to the optic disc, a small, oval area of the retina with special ___cones

A

lateral

photoreceptor

138
Q

___ is a depression in the center of the macula lutea, 1.5 mm in diameter, specialized for ___ vision

A

Fovea Centralis

Acute

139
Q

___ of the retina supplies the retina except for the cones and rods of the ___ layer

A

Central Artery

neural

140
Q

___ and ___ receive nutrients from the capillary lamina of the choroid

A

Cones

Rods

141
Q

___ of the retina drains into the cavernous sinus

A

Central Vein.

142
Q

Refractive media of the eyeball are the (4)

A

Cornea
Lens
Aqueous Humor
Vitreous Humor

143
Q

Aqueous humor is a clear, watery solution, produced by the ciliary processes, provides nutrients to the ___ and ___

A

avascular cornea

lens

144
Q

Lens is a transparent, ___ structure enclosed in a capsule, lies posterior to___ and anterior to vitreous humor or vitreous body

A

biconvex

iris

145
Q

___ muscle is the part of ciliary body, changes the shape of the lens

146
Q

Nerve supply to ciliaris muscle is the ___ stimulation via the ___ nerve: causes sphincter - like contraction of the ciliary muscle (accommodation)

A

Parasympathetic

Oculomotor

147
Q

___ is the active process of changing the shape of the lens for near vision

A

Accomodation

148
Q

___ is a watery fluid enclosed in the vitreous body, holds the retina in place and supports the ___

A

Vitreous Humor

lens

149
Q

___ is a transparent, jelly - like substance in the ___ of the eyeball posterior to the lens

A

Vitreous Body

Posterior 4/5

150
Q

Confluence of sinuses consists of…

A

Superior Sagittal
Straight
Occipital
Transverse

151
Q

Superior Petrosal sinus connects the ___ sinus to the ___ sinus

A

Cavernous

Transverse

152
Q

Arteries of the Dura mater

A

Middle Meningeal
Meningeal Branches of ophthalmic
Branches of Occipital
Branches of Vertebral

Head And Neck (14 decks)

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