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Learning to love Clinical Medicine > Head and neck lab vocab > Flashcards

Head and neck lab vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

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2
Q

Angular cheilosis

A

reddish inflammation of lips with fissures that radiate from angles of mouth

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3
Q

Anosmia

A

no sense of smell

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4
Q

Branchial cleft cyst

A

congenital lesion due to incomplete involution of branchial cleft, lateral neck

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5
Q

Cheilitis

A

inflammation and cracking of lips

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6
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium and cholesterol in the middle ear, caused by chronic otitis media, with squamous metaplasia or extension inward to line an expanding cystic cavity, may involve mastoid and erode surrounding bone

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7
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of skull sutures

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8
Q

Chloasma

A

mask of pregnancy, facial discoloration

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9
Q

Encephalocele

A

neural tube defect, protrusions of brain and membranes

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10
Q

Epstein pearls

A

small, white, epithelial inclusion cysts in midline of palate in newborns

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11
Q

Fordyce spots

A

ectopic sebaceous glands of buccal mucosa, appear small yellow/white raised lesions, found on inner surface and vermilion order of lips

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12
Q

Frenulum

A

attaches tongue to floor of mouth

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13
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

small red spots with blue-white centers on buccal mucosa opposite molar teeth, prodromal stage of measles

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14
Q

Leukoplakia

A

circumscribed, firmly attached, thick white patches on the tongue and other mucous membranes, often precancerous growths

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15
Q

Molding

A

newborn head shaped like birthcanal

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16
Q

Otosclerosis

A

deposits of bone resulting in immobilization of stapes

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17
Q

Prebycusis

A

impairment of hearing due to aging

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18
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

palpable cystic mass in neck due to incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct

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19
Q

Tophi

A

small, white uric acid crystals along peripheral margins of auricles, gout-related

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20
Q

Torticollis

A

“wry neck” - abnml contraction of neck muscles –> unnatural head positioning

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21
Q

Torus mandibularis

A

bony protruberance on lingual aspect of lower jaw in canine-premolar regino

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22
Q

Torus palatinus

A

bony protruberance in midline of hard palate

23
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

formation of dense CT in middle ear, result = hearing loss, when ossicles are involved

24
Q

Uvula

A

conical projection of soft palate margin

25
Q

Webbing

A

excessive posterior cervical skin, chromosomal abnormalities

26
Q

Xerostomia

A

dry mouth

27
Q

Sports Concussion Assessment Tool

A
  • compare baseline before injury to after injury
  • automatic disqualified if not at baseline
  • Iowa: no return to play on same day as concussion
  • need medical clearance to RTP
28
Q

***Classic migraine

A
  • UNilateral 70%
  • pulsating, throbbing
  • hours to days
  • female
  • n/v
  • specific trigger: missing meals, menses, BP, stress (typically have a prodrome)
29
Q

***Cluster headache

A
  • rare but classic characteristics –> most misdiagnosed headache type
  • adulthood
  • unilateral
  • 0.5-2 hrs
  • intense burning, searing, knife-like
  • several nights for several days then gone
  • males
  • increased tearing/nasal d/c
30
Q

***Tension headache

A
  • adulthood
  • unilateral or bilateral
  • hours to days
  • anytime
  • bandlike, constricting
  • no prodrome
  • stress, anger, teeth grinding
31
Q

***Medication rebound

A
  • diffuse
  • hours - last dose
  • dull or throbbing
  • daily analgesics
  • abrupt analgesic stop
32
Q

***Hyperthyroidism

A
  • weight loss
  • nervousness
  • excessive sweating, heat intolerance
  • warm, smooth, moist skin
  • Graves’ disease
  • Tachycardia
33
Q

***Hypothyroidism

A
  • fatigue, lethargy
  • modest weight gain
  • dry, coarse skin, cold intolerance
  • swelling of face, hands and legs
  • bradycardia
  • impaired memory
34
Q

Infant head size

A
  • 1/4 body length (adult = 1/8)

- 1/3 body weight (adult = 1/10)

35
Q

Caput succedaneum

A
  • not concerning
  • subcutaneous scalp edema
  • transilluminates!
36
Q

Cephalohematoma

A
  • subperiosteal collection of blood
  • does not cross suture lines
  • parietal region common
  • does not transilluminate!
  • may not be obvious at birth due to caput succedaneum
  • resolve in 10-14 days
37
Q

Plagiocephaly

A
  • infant head misshapen after laying on one side

- self resolves

38
Q

Craniosyntosis

A
  • premature suture closure –> asymmetry
  • early fontanelle closure
  • brachycephaly = premature closure of coronal suture
39
Q

Brachycephaly

A
  • premature closure of coronal suture

- needs surgery

40
Q

Congenital muscular torticollis

A
  • baby only turns head to one side, seems to have misshapen head
  • open and soft fontanelles
  • rotated and side bent head
  • injury to SCM at birth - treat with stretching!
41
Q

Whisper test

A
  • stand behind patient, exhale fully, whisper 3 letters/numbers and have them repeat
  • test hearing
42
Q

Weber test

A
  • assess hearing, differentiate between neurosensory and conductive hearing loss
  • vibrating fork 512 Hz on middle of vertex
  • either conductive loss on the side the sound lateralized to, or sensorineural loss to the opposite ear
43
Q

Rinne test

A
  • 512Hz tuning fork placed on mastoid until pt no longer hears the ring
  • then place fork beside auditory canal until no longer hear the sound
  • normal is air 2x as long as bone
  • prolonged air conduction is sensorineural vs. prolonged bone conduction which is conduction hearing loss
44
Q

Sensorineural loss

A
  • air conduction is longer than bone conduction

- sound lateralizes to good ear (Weber)

45
Q

Conductive loss

A
  • bone conduction longer than or equal to air conduction

- sound lateralizes to impaired ear (Weber)

46
Q

Allergic shiners

A
  • venous pooling under the eye

- indicative of chronic congestion (allergies)

47
Q

Sinus development

A
  • Maxillary: 1 yo
  • Ethmoid and sphenoid: 6 yo
  • Frontal: 10 yo
  • continue development up to 21yo
48
Q

Tonsil size

A

1+ barely visible
2+ visible
3+ nearly touching
4+ = kissing

49
Q

Teeth development

A
  • teeth begin @6-7mos
  • four teeth/month
  • full of complement
  • shed primary teeth at 5yo
  • secondary teeth at 6 or 7yo
50
Q

Naming teeth

A
  • # 1 is upper right
51
Q

Injury to hypoglossal nerve

A

Deviation of tongue to same side as lesion

52
Q

Injury to vagus

A

Deviation of uvula to opposite side as lesion

53
Q

Trachea movement with lung volume loss, thyroid enlargement, PTX,

A
  • lung in volume loss/incomplete expansion (fibrosis or atelectasis): toward affected side
  • thyroid enlargement or pleural effusion: away
  • tension PTX: away from affected side
  • collapsed lung: toward

Learning to love Clinical Medicine (6 decks)

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