Head and neck lab vocab Flashcards
Alopecia
hair loss
Angular cheilosis
reddish inflammation of lips with fissures that radiate from angles of mouth
Anosmia
no sense of smell
Branchial cleft cyst
congenital lesion due to incomplete involution of branchial cleft, lateral neck
Cheilitis
inflammation and cracking of lips
Cholesteatoma
mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium and cholesterol in the middle ear, caused by chronic otitis media, with squamous metaplasia or extension inward to line an expanding cystic cavity, may involve mastoid and erode surrounding bone
Craniosynostosis
premature closure of skull sutures
Chloasma
mask of pregnancy, facial discoloration
Encephalocele
neural tube defect, protrusions of brain and membranes
Epstein pearls
small, white, epithelial inclusion cysts in midline of palate in newborns
Fordyce spots
ectopic sebaceous glands of buccal mucosa, appear small yellow/white raised lesions, found on inner surface and vermilion order of lips
Frenulum
attaches tongue to floor of mouth
Koplik’s spots
small red spots with blue-white centers on buccal mucosa opposite molar teeth, prodromal stage of measles
Leukoplakia
circumscribed, firmly attached, thick white patches on the tongue and other mucous membranes, often precancerous growths
Molding
newborn head shaped like birthcanal
Otosclerosis
deposits of bone resulting in immobilization of stapes
Prebycusis
impairment of hearing due to aging
Thyroglossal duct cyst
palpable cystic mass in neck due to incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct
Tophi
small, white uric acid crystals along peripheral margins of auricles, gout-related
Torticollis
“wry neck” - abnml contraction of neck muscles –> unnatural head positioning
Torus mandibularis
bony protruberance on lingual aspect of lower jaw in canine-premolar regino
Torus palatinus
bony protruberance in midline of hard palate
Tympanosclerosis
formation of dense CT in middle ear, result = hearing loss, when ossicles are involved
Uvula
conical projection of soft palate margin
Webbing
excessive posterior cervical skin, chromosomal abnormalities
Xerostomia
dry mouth
Sports Concussion Assessment Tool
- compare baseline before injury to after injury
- automatic disqualified if not at baseline
- Iowa: no return to play on same day as concussion
- need medical clearance to RTP
***Classic migraine
- UNilateral 70%
- pulsating, throbbing
- hours to days
- female
- n/v
- specific trigger: missing meals, menses, BP, stress (typically have a prodrome)
***Cluster headache
- rare but classic characteristics –> most misdiagnosed headache type
- adulthood
- unilateral
- 0.5-2 hrs
- intense burning, searing, knife-like
- several nights for several days then gone
- males
- increased tearing/nasal d/c
***Tension headache
- adulthood
- unilateral or bilateral
- hours to days
- anytime
- bandlike, constricting
- no prodrome
- stress, anger, teeth grinding
***Medication rebound
- diffuse
- hours - last dose
- dull or throbbing
- daily analgesics
- abrupt analgesic stop
***Hyperthyroidism
- weight loss
- nervousness
- excessive sweating, heat intolerance
- warm, smooth, moist skin
- Graves’ disease
- Tachycardia
***Hypothyroidism
- fatigue, lethargy
- modest weight gain
- dry, coarse skin, cold intolerance
- swelling of face, hands and legs
- bradycardia
- impaired memory
Infant head size
- 1/4 body length (adult = 1/8)
- 1/3 body weight (adult = 1/10)
Caput succedaneum
- not concerning
- subcutaneous scalp edema
- transilluminates!
Cephalohematoma
- subperiosteal collection of blood
- does not cross suture lines
- parietal region common
- does not transilluminate!
- may not be obvious at birth due to caput succedaneum
- resolve in 10-14 days
Plagiocephaly
- infant head misshapen after laying on one side
- self resolves
Craniosyntosis
- premature suture closure –> asymmetry
- early fontanelle closure
- brachycephaly = premature closure of coronal suture
Brachycephaly
- premature closure of coronal suture
- needs surgery
Congenital muscular torticollis
- baby only turns head to one side, seems to have misshapen head
- open and soft fontanelles
- rotated and side bent head
- injury to SCM at birth - treat with stretching!
Whisper test
- stand behind patient, exhale fully, whisper 3 letters/numbers and have them repeat
- test hearing
Weber test
- assess hearing, differentiate between neurosensory and conductive hearing loss
- vibrating fork 512 Hz on middle of vertex
- either conductive loss on the side the sound lateralized to, or sensorineural loss to the opposite ear
Rinne test
- 512Hz tuning fork placed on mastoid until pt no longer hears the ring
- then place fork beside auditory canal until no longer hear the sound
- normal is air 2x as long as bone
- prolonged air conduction is sensorineural vs. prolonged bone conduction which is conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural loss
- air conduction is longer than bone conduction
- sound lateralizes to good ear (Weber)
Conductive loss
- bone conduction longer than or equal to air conduction
- sound lateralizes to impaired ear (Weber)
Allergic shiners
- venous pooling under the eye
- indicative of chronic congestion (allergies)
Sinus development
- Maxillary: 1 yo
- Ethmoid and sphenoid: 6 yo
- Frontal: 10 yo
- continue development up to 21yo
Tonsil size
1+ barely visible
2+ visible
3+ nearly touching
4+ = kissing
Teeth development
- teeth begin @6-7mos
- four teeth/month
- full of complement
- shed primary teeth at 5yo
- secondary teeth at 6 or 7yo
Naming teeth
- # 1 is upper right
Injury to hypoglossal nerve
Deviation of tongue to same side as lesion
Injury to vagus
Deviation of uvula to opposite side as lesion
Trachea movement with lung volume loss, thyroid enlargement, PTX,
- lung in volume loss/incomplete expansion (fibrosis or atelectasis): toward affected side
- thyroid enlargement or pleural effusion: away
- tension PTX: away from affected side
- collapsed lung: toward
