Eyes lab vocab Flashcards
Amsler grid
geometric shapes chart used to test central visual field
Anisocoria
unequal pupils
Aphakia
absent crystalline lens of eye
Corneal arcus
opaque white ring around cornea due to lipid deposits or hyaline degeneration
may indicate lipid disorder or Type 2 hyperlipidemia in <40yo
Cotton wool spot
ill-defined yellow areas due to infarction of retinal nerve layer
Diabetic retinopathy
(background)
(proliferative)
Background: characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms + hard and soft exudates
Proliferative: new vessels develop after anoxic stimulation - vessels grow out of retina toward vitreous humor
Diopter
refractive power of lens, a focal distance of 1 meter
Diplopia
double vision
Drusen
tiny yellow/white deposit in the retina or on the optic nerve head
Ectropion
eversion (outward rolling) edge or margin
Episcleritis
inflamed superficial layers of the sclera in front of the insertion of the rectus muscle
Entropion
inversino (inward rolling) edge or margin
Exopthalmos
bulging eye due to increased orbital volume
Linked to graves’ disease when bilateral
Unilateral is noted as a retro-orbital tumor is suspected
Hyperopia
farsightedness
accommodation relaxed, parallel rays focus behind the retina
Glaucoma
increased cupping appearance of optic nerve
Hemianopia
blind in half vision field
Hordeolum
Sty
suppurtive inflammation of sebaceous gland of eyelid
Hypertelorism
widely spaced eyes
Hyphema
blood in anterior chamber
Legal blindness
20/200 or less after correction with glasses
Mydriasis
pupillary dilation
Miosis
abnormal contraction of pupils
Myopia
Nearsightedness
light rays focus in front of retina
Night blindness
impaired rod function, deficiency of vitamin A
Papilledema
optic disc edema –> loss of disc margin
Cause often is increased ICP
Peripheral vision
retinal stimulation beyond the macula
Pinguecula
harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus
Presbyopia
hyperopia and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity
generally middle age
Pterygium
triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows to the outer surface of the cornea, usual from the nose, until covers a portion of the cornea
Ptosis
drooping of eyelid
Punctum
opening in eyelid that opens to lacrimal duct
Red reflex
light illuminating the retina
Retinitis pigmentosa
chronic progressive disease –> degeneration of retinal neuroepithelium
Retinoblastoma
embryonic malignant glioma of retina, arises during first 2 yrs of life, initial diagnostic finding: = yellowish or white light reflex at the pupil (cat’s eye reflex)
Strabismus
both eyes do not focus on same object simultaneously, however can focus independently
Uveitis
inflammation of iris, ciliary body, and choroid, or the entire uvea
Xanhelasma
elevated plague commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid due to elevated cholesterol
Disease causing central vision loss
Macular degeneration
Disease causing peripheral vision loss first
Glaucoma
Leading causes of blindness in USA
Cataracts if untreated
Glaucoma if <65
