Eyes lab vocab

Question 1

Amsler grid

Answer 1

geometric shapes chart used to test central visual field

Question 2

Anisocoria

Answer 2

unequal pupils

Question 3

Aphakia

Answer 3

absent crystalline lens of eye

Question 4

Corneal arcus

Answer 4

opaque white ring around cornea due to lipid deposits or hyaline degeneration

may indicate lipid disorder or Type 2 hyperlipidemia in <40yo

Question 5

Cotton wool spot

Answer 5

ill-defined yellow areas due to infarction of retinal nerve layer

Question 6

Diabetic retinopathy
(background)
(proliferative)

Answer 6

Background: characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms + hard and soft exudates

Proliferative: new vessels develop after anoxic stimulation - vessels grow out of retina toward vitreous humor

Question 7

Diopter

Answer 7

refractive power of lens, a focal distance of 1 meter

Question 8

Diplopia

Answer 8

double vision

Question 9

Drusen

Answer 9

tiny yellow/white deposit in the retina or on the optic nerve head

Question 10

Ectropion

Answer 10

eversion (outward rolling) edge or margin

Question 11

Episcleritis

Answer 11

inflamed superficial layers of the sclera in front of the insertion of the rectus muscle

Question 12

Entropion

Answer 12

inversino (inward rolling) edge or margin

Question 13

Exopthalmos

Answer 13

bulging eye due to increased orbital volume

Linked to graves’ disease when bilateral
Unilateral is noted as a retro-orbital tumor is suspected

Question 14

Hyperopia

Answer 14

farsightedness

accommodation relaxed, parallel rays focus behind the retina

Question 15

Glaucoma

Answer 15

increased cupping appearance of optic nerve

Question 16

Hemianopia

Answer 16

blind in half vision field

Question 17

Hordeolum

Answer 17

Sty

suppurtive inflammation of sebaceous gland of eyelid

Question 18

Hypertelorism

Answer 18

widely spaced eyes

Question 19

Hyphema

Answer 19

blood in anterior chamber

Question 20

Legal blindness

Answer 20

20/200 or less after correction with glasses

Question 21

Mydriasis

Answer 21

pupillary dilation

Question 22

Miosis

Answer 22

abnormal contraction of pupils

Question 23

Myopia

Answer 23

Nearsightedness

light rays focus in front of retina

Question 24

Night blindness

Answer 24

impaired rod function, deficiency of vitamin A

Question 25

Papilledema

Answer 25

optic disc edema --> loss of disc margin | Cause often is increased ICP

Question 26

Peripheral vision

Answer 26

retinal stimulation beyond the macula

Question 27

Pinguecula

Answer 27

harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus

Question 28

Presbyopia

Answer 28

hyperopia and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity generally middle age

Question 29

Pterygium

Answer 29

triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows to the outer surface of the cornea, usual from the nose, until covers a portion of the cornea

Question 30

Ptosis

Answer 30

drooping of eyelid

Question 31

Punctum

Answer 31

opening in eyelid that opens to lacrimal duct

Question 32

Red reflex

Answer 32

light illuminating the retina

Question 33

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 33

chronic progressive disease --> degeneration of retinal neuroepithelium

Question 34

Retinoblastoma

Answer 34

embryonic malignant glioma of retina, arises during first 2 yrs of life, initial diagnostic finding: = yellowish or white light reflex at the pupil (cat's eye reflex)

Question 35

Strabismus

Answer 35

both eyes do not focus on same object simultaneously, however can focus independently

Question 36

Uveitis

Answer 36

inflammation of iris, ciliary body, and choroid, or the entire uvea

Question 37

Xanhelasma

Answer 37

elevated plague commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid due to elevated cholesterol

Question 38

Disease causing central vision loss

Answer 38

Macular degeneration

Question 39

Disease causing peripheral vision loss first

Answer 39

Glaucoma

Question 40

Leading causes of blindness in USA

Answer 40

Cataracts if untreated | Glaucoma if <65