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Cell Biology Block 4 > Head And Neck Development I > Flashcards

Head And Neck Development I Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Overview: what do the following bony parts enclose/contain?

  1. Membrane bones enclose/replace?
  2. Chondrocranium enclose/form?
  3. Visceral skeleton forms?
A
  1. Enclose cranium and replace cartilage precursors in the jaw
  2. Enclose sensory organ capsules, forms base of brain case
  3. Form endochondral bones in the jaws and neck
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2
Q

Timeline:

  1. What develops during 4th week
  2. During weeks 5-7, enclosure of __ and migration of __
  3. 6th week is development of
A
  1. Branchial arch (aka pharyngeal arch)
  2. Branchial grooves and migration of thyroid glands
  3. Bony elements
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3
Q

Innervation of the following pharyngeal arches:

  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth-sixth
A
  1. CN V (maxillary and mandibular)
  2. CN VII
  3. CN IX
  4. CN X
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4
Q

Why is there no arch 5?

A

It either doesn’t develop or it develops and then regresses

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5
Q

3 components of each pharyngeal arch

A

Cartilaginous, nerve and aortic arch

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6
Q

Pharyngeal arches are swellings of __ derived from __ and __

A

Mesenchyme; derived from lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells

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7
Q
  1. Location of pharyngeal grooves (clefts)

2. What are they derived from?

A
  1. Indentions between pharyngeal arches

2. Ectoderm

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8
Q
  1. Location of pharyngeal pouches

2. What are they derived from?

A
  1. Indentations between pharyngeal arches

2. Endoderm

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9
Q

What is a closing membrane

A

The place where pharyngeal groove meets pharyngeal pouch

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10
Q

How does growth of neck occur?

A

Through migration of neural crest cells (NOT from mesodermal proliferation)

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11
Q

What other 3 things form from neural crest migration?

A

Cartilaginous elements, tendons, and connective tissue of branchial muscles

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12
Q
  1. Mesoderm core is a combination of what 2 layers?

2. What does it form?

A
  1. Lateral plate and cranial paraxial mesoderm

2. Muscle cell bodies

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13
Q
  1. What forms the cervical sinus? Is cervical sinus permanent or temporary?
  2. All pharyngeal grooves/closing membranes are obliterated except?
A
  1. The second arch growing over the more caudal grooves; should be temporary
  2. The ones associated with arch 1
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14
Q
  1. What happens if cervical sinus is not temporary?
  2. How will an external cyst present?
  3. 3 possible sites of cervical cysts/fistulas?
A
  1. It forms a cervical cyst; place where second arch grew over and sinus never closed up
  2. Pus will come out of your neck
  3. On face right next to ear, medial to middle of SCM muscle, medial to where SCM inserts to sternum
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15
Q

What provides sensory innervation to 1st arch? Motor?

A 
Sensory= V2
Motor= V3
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16
Q
  1. What branch of vagus nerve innervates 4th arch?

2. 6th?

A
  1. Superior laryngeal nerve

2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

17
Q

Cartilaginous derivatives of each arch:

  1. First (3)
  2. Second (5)
  3. Third (2)
  4. Fourth/sixth (1)
A
  1. Mandible, malleus, incus
  2. Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid
  3. Greater horn and lower body of hyoid
  4. Laryngeal cartilages
18
Q

What is the precursor for the mandible?

A

Meckels cartilage

19
Q

Muscle groups of the arches:

  1. 1st (5)
  2. 2nd (3)
  3. 3rd (1)
  4. 4th/6th (2)
A
  1. Muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
  2. Muscles of facial expression, posterior digastric, stylohyoid
  3. Stylopharyngeus
  4. Muscles of larynx and pharynx
20
Q

All arches come from 1st somitomere except for? Which comes from?

A

4th/6th - 1st occipital somite

21
Q

Arteries of the following:

  1. 3rd arches
  2. Right 4th arch
  3. Left 4th arch
  4. 6th arches
A
  1. Internal and external carotid
  2. Brachiocephalic trunk and right subclavian
  3. Aortic arch and left subclavian
  4. Pulmonary arteries (and ductus arteriosus on left)
22
Q

Derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches:

  1. 1st pouch
  2. 2nd pouch
  3. 3rd pouch
  4. 4th pouch
A
  1. Middle ear and eustachian tube
  2. Palatine tonsil
  3. Inferior parathyroid and thymus
  4. Superior parathyroid and ultimobranchial body (C cells of thyroid)
23
Q

Ear formation: derivatives of the following:

  1. 1st groove
  2. 1st closing membrane
  3. 1st pouch
A
  1. External acoustic meatus
  2. Tympanic membrane
  3. Middle ear and eustachian tube (repeat)
24
Q
  1. Air chamber in the head comes from?
  2. Hyomandibular joint evolved into?
  3. Articular/quadrate joint evolved into? What kind of cartilage?
  4. TMJ is between 2 __ bones. What kind of cartilage?
A
  1. First pharyngeal pouch
  2. Stapes
  3. Incus and malleus; hyaline
  4. Membrane; fibrocartilage
25
Q

Name 3 unpaired structures that develop from floor of pharynx

A

Thyroid, larynx, and tongue

26
Q

Tongue derivation has what 3 parts

A

Distal tongue bud, median tongue bud, and hypobranchial eminence

27
Q

Site of development for thyroid?

A

Foramen cecum

28
Q

How is the larynx developed?

A

As an outpocketing from pharyngeal floor

29
Q

Tongue is derived from every arch except?

However, a branch of this arch __, persists to do what?

A

2nd

Chorda tympani persists to provide taste to anterior 2/3

30
Q

Thyroid development begins where and migrates where?

So along this course, what is possible?

A

Develops in back of tongue and descends to front of trachea

Ectopic thyroid is possible

31
Q

What happens if the thyroglossal duct does not degenerate?

A

Communication between mouth and thyroid will occur

32
Q
  1. Which pouch has the tonsil?
A

2nd pouch

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