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Anatomy > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of joint seen between most bones in the skull

A

fibrous joint

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2
Q

which part of the skull bone - compact bone or spongey bone - houses red marrow

A

compact bone

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3
Q

what is the name of the suture between the R and L parietal bone

A

sagittal suture

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4
Q

what is the name of the suture between the parietal and frontal bones

A

coronal suture

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5
Q

what is the name of the suture between the parietal and occipital bones

A

lambdoid suture

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6
Q

what bone is the mastoid process a part of

A

temporal bone

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7
Q

what bones is the zygomatic arch a part of

A

temporal and zygomatic bones

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8
Q

what bone is the styloid process a part of

A

temporal bone

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9
Q

name two structures that pass through the foramen magnum

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. R and L vertebral arteries

also - meninges and spinal roots of accessory nerve

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10
Q

what type of joint is present between the zygomatic and temporal bones at the zygomatic arch

A

suture joint

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11
Q

name the 5 layers of the scalp

A
  1. skin
  2. dense connective tissue
  3. aponeurosis
  4. loose areolar connective tissue
  5. peritoneum
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12
Q

what action is produced by the contraction of the anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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13
Q

what structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1

A

brachial plexus

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14
Q

in which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present

A

dense connective tissue

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15
Q

why do wounds to the scalp bleed profusely

A
  1. the pull of the occipitofrontalis muscle prevents closure of bleeding vessels
  2. blood vessels adhere to dense connective tissue, preventing vasoconstriction
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16
Q

which artery in the neck is the superficial temporal artery a branch of

A

external carotid artery

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17
Q

what is diploe

A

the spongey cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical (compact) bone of the skull

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18
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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19
Q

from which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the side of the face

A

stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

what type of gland is the parotid gland

A

exocrine

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21
Q

which nerve branches can you see emerging from the anterior border of the parotid gland

A

branches of the facial nerve

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22
Q

opposite to which tooth does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

A

2nd upper molar

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23
Q

which artery and vein pass into the parotid gland

A

external carotid artery, retromandibular vein

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24
Q

which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibres destined for the parotid gland

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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25
Q

where does the sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland originate from

A

superior cervical ganglion

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26
Q

what bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face

A

mandible

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27
Q

where does the facial artery end

A

medial eyes

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28
Q

which major vein in the neck do the facial vein and superficial temporal veins drain into

A

internal jugular vein

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29
Q

what kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)

A

synovial ellipsoid (aka condyloid)

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30
Q

what kind of joint is present between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) at the odontoid peg

A

synovial pivot

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31
Q

what structures pass through the transverse foramen of your vertebrae

A

vertebral artery and vein, and sympathetic nervous plexus

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32
Q

what is the vertebra prominens

A

C7 - easily palpable spinous process

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33
Q

what are the borders of the anterior triangle

A

superiorly: mandible
laterally: sternocleidomastoid
medially: midline of neck

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34
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle

A

anteriorly: sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly: trapezius
inferiorly: clavicle

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35
Q

if the R sternocleidomastoid contracted, which way would the head tilt and which side would the face turn

A

head tilt R

face turn L

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36
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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37
Q

which artery is the common carotid artery a branch of on the R side and the L side

A

R side - brachiocephalic trunk

L side - aortic arch

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38
Q

what structures in the neck run within the carotid sheath

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

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39
Q

at what level does the common carotid artery divide into the ECA and ICA in the neck

A

C4 - thyroid cartilage

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40
Q

what action do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone

A

depress the mandible (opening the mouth)

elevate the hyoid bone (swallowing)

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41
Q

name the 4 suprahyoid muscles of the neck and what nerves innervate them

A
  1. mylohyoid - CN V3
  2. digastric - CN V3 and VII
  3. stylohyoid - CN VII
  4. geniohyoid - CN XII
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42
Q

name the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles of the neck

A
  1. sternohyoid
  2. sternothyroid
  3. thyrohyoid
  4. omohyoid
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43
Q

what are the vertebral root values of the cervical plexus

A

C1 - C4

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44
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis

A

loop of nerves formed by C1-C3

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45
Q

what are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland

A

R and L lobes, isthmus

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46
Q

with which bone do the nasal apertures articulate superiorly at the nasion

A

frontal bone

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47
Q

what two bones form the nasal septum

A
  1. vomer bone

2. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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48
Q

what nerve fibres passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

olfactory nerve fibres

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49
Q

what kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

50
Q

what is the name given to the space above the superior concha in the nasal cavity

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

51
Q

what bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of

A

the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

52
Q

what is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the nose

A

ophthalmic artery, venous plexus

53
Q

what are the paranasal air sinuses

A

air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity

54
Q

which bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx

A

sphenoid bone

55
Q

what is the nasopharyngeal tonsil

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx
also known as the adenoid

56
Q

what movements of the mandible occur at the temporomandibular joint

A

elevation, depression, protrusion, retraction, and side to side movements

57
Q

name the 4 muscles of mastication

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. medial pterygoid
  4. lateral pterygoid
58
Q

through which foramen does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve emerge through into the cranial cavity

A

foramen ovale

59
Q

which nerve provides sensory innervation to the mandibular area

A

inferior alveolar nerve

60
Q

what is the name of the posterior opening of the oral cavity

A

the oropharyngeal isthmus

61
Q

what two bones form the hard palate

A
  1. palatine process of maxilla

2. horizontal plate of palatine bones

62
Q

name the 5 muscles in the soft palate

A
  1. tensor veli palatini
  2. levator veli palatini
  3. palatoglossus
  4. palatopharyngeus
  5. muscular uvulae
63
Q

what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate

A

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (branch of CN V3)

64
Q

what type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsils

A

lymphoid

65
Q

what structure divides the tongue into its anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

A

V-shaped sulcus terminalis

66
Q

the anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections called papillae, name the 4 types of papillae and which of these have taste buds

A
  1. filiform
  2. fungiform
  3. circumvallate
  4. follate

filiform is the only one to not have taste buds present

67
Q

the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection known as what

A

lingual tonsils

68
Q

name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

69
Q

what nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

chorda tympani of the facial nerve (CN VII)

70
Q

which nerve provides sensory innervation the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

71
Q

what do the intrinsic muscle fibres of the tongue collectively do

A

change the shape of the tongue

72
Q

which nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

73
Q

name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. styloglossus
  4. palatoglossus
74
Q

which muscle attaching to the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

palatoglossus - is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

75
Q

name the 3 large pairs of salivary glands, and the cranial nerve from which parasympathetic innervation that is secretormotor to the gland originates

A

parotid - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
submandibular - facial (CN VII)
sublingual - facial (CN VII)

76
Q

what cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple” in males

A

thyroid cartilage

77
Q

which cartilage in the larynx is a complete ring shape

A

cricoid

78
Q

what occupies the space between the laryngeal cartilages

A

dense connective tissue membranes

79
Q

what would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected

A

vocal cord paralysis

80
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx

A

(internal) superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve

81
Q

name the 3 muscles that form the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx

A
  1. stylopharyngeus
  2. salpingopharyngeus
  3. palatopharyngeus
82
Q

name the 3 muscles that form the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx

A

superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

83
Q

branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus

84
Q

which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the 3 areas of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx - maxillary nerve (CN V2)
oropharynx - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
laryngopharynx - vagus nerve (CN X)

85
Q

what is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles in the pharynx during swallowing

A

shorten and widen the pharynx and elevate the larynx

86
Q

what is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx

87
Q

what structures pass through the optic foramen

A
  1. optic nerve

2. ophthalmic artery

88
Q

what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure

A
  1. CN III, IV, V1 and VI

2. ophthalmic veins

89
Q

what are the components of the outer fibrous layer of the eye

A
  1. sclera

2. cornea

90
Q

what are the components of the middle vascular layer of the eye

A
  1. choroid
  2. ciliary body
  3. iris
91
Q

what are the components of the inner sensory layer of the eye

A

retina

92
Q

what is the name given to the watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye

A

aqueous humor

93
Q

what is the name given to the gel in the posterior segment of the eye

A

vitreous humor

94
Q

what part of the eye secretes aqueous humor

A

ciliary epithelium

95
Q

which intrinsic muscle of the eye is responsible for accommodation

A

ciliaris muscle

96
Q

which is the only muscle that does not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit of the eye

A

inferior oblique

97
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye

A

support the eye and prevent downward displacement of the eyeball

98
Q

name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye

A

ophthalmic artery

99
Q

what types of joints are found between the ossicles of the ear

A

synovial

100
Q

which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane and which is in contact with the oval window

A

malleus, stapes

101
Q

what is the action of the tensor tympani

A

tenses the tympanic membrane, reducing amplitude of vibrations

102
Q

what is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth of the ear

A

perilymph

103
Q

what is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth of the ear

A

endolymph

104
Q

what is the function of the cochlea and the semicircular canals

A

hearing and balance

105
Q

through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa

A

internal acoustic meatus

106
Q

where do the efferent lymphatic vessels from the groups of lymph nodes of the scalp and neck carry lymph to

A

deep cervical nodes

107
Q

which four bones come together at the pterion

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. temporal
  4. sphenoid
108
Q

what are the grooves that run laterally on both sides of the posterior cranial fossa starting from the internal occipital protuberance for

A

the transverse sinus

109
Q

what is the s-shaped groove that is a lateral continuation of the transverse sinus for

A

the sigmoid sinus

110
Q

into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead

A

jugular foramen

111
Q

what is the sella turcica

A

a deep depression in the midline of the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland

112
Q

name the muscle that attaches to the medial pterygoid plate

A

superior constrictor of pharynx

113
Q

name the muscles that attach to the lateral pterygoid plate

A

lateral pterygoid muscle and medial pterygoid muscle

114
Q

what are the advantages for a neonate of having a comparatively flexible skull

A
  1. allows for moulding of the skull into an oblong during childbirth
  2. allows the brain to grow during infancy
  3. absorbs shock in the event of a fall so there is less damage to the brain
115
Q

what type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the vault of the skull, and in the irregular bones of the base of the skull

A

intramembranous, endochondral

116
Q

by what age are all the fontanelles of a childs skull fully closed

A

2 years

117
Q

what type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

118
Q

what is the function of a myoepithelial cell

A

contract when gland is stimulated to secrete

119
Q

what type of secretions come from the parotid gland

A

predominantly serous

120
Q

what type of secretions come from the submandibular gland

A

mixed serous and mucous

121
Q

what type of secretions come from the sublingual gland

A

mucous

Anatomy (3 decks)

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